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• First_Battle_of_Newbury abstract "The First Battle of Newbury was a battle of the First English Civil War that was fought on 20 September 1643 between a Royalist army, under the personal command of King Charles, and a Parliamentarian force led by the Earl of Essex. Following a year of Royalist successes in which they took Banbury, Oxford and Reading without conflict before storming Bristol, the Parliamentarians were left without an effective army in the field. When Charles laid siege to Gloucester, Parliament was forced to muster a force under Essex with which to beat Charles's forces off. After a long march, Essex surprised the Royalists and forced them away from Gloucester before beginning a retreat to London. Charles rallied his forces and pursued Essex, overtaking the Parliamentarian army at Newbury and forcing them to march past the Royalist force to continue their retreat.Essex reacted by making a surprise attack on the Royalist lines at dawn, capturing several pieces of high ground and leaving Charles on the back foot. A series of Royalist attacks led to large number of casualties and the slow retreat of Essex's force, which was driven from the central hill and almost encircled; Essex succeeded in rallying his infantry, however, and pushed forward in a counter-attack. The slowing of this counter-attack in the face of the Royalist cavalry forced Essex to send for reinforcements, who, while marching to him, were attacked and forced to retreat. This left a hole in the Parliamentarian line, dividing the army into two wings through which the Royalists hoped to pass, splitting the Parliamentarians and allowing Charles's troops to encircle and defeat the enemy. In line with this, the Royalists moved forward to press the attack, but were forced to halt by the London Trained Bands. With night falling, the battle ended, and both exhausted armies disengaged. The next morning, low on ammunition, the Royalists were forced to allow Essex to pass and continue his retreat to London.Reasons for the Royalist defeat include shortage of ammunition, the relative lack of professionalism of their soldiers and the tactics of Essex, who compensated "for his much lamented paucity of cavalry by tactical ingenuity and firepower", countering Rupert's cavalry by driving them off with mass infantry formations. Although the numbers of casualties were relatively small (1,300 Royalists and 1,200 Parliamentarians), historians who have studied the battle consider it to be one of the most crucial of the First English Civil War, marking the high point of the Royalist advance and leading to the signing of the Solemn League and Covenant, which brought the Scottish Covenanters into the war on the side of Parliament and led to the eventual victory of the Parliamentarian cause.".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury causalties "1,300".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury combatant "Parliamentarians".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury combatant "Royalists".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander Charles_I_of_England.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander John_Byron,_1st_Baron_Byron.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander Philip_Stapleton.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury date "1643-09-20".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury isPartOfMilitaryConflict First_English_Civil_War.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury place Newbury,_Berkshire.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury result "Decisive Parliamentarian victory".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "6,000 cavalry".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "7,000 cavalry".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "7,500 infantry".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "8,000 infantry".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury thumbnail Newbury_and_surroundings.jpg?width=300.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury wikiPageExternalLink cu31924027971872.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury wikiPageID "1094840".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury wikiPageRevisionID "597691052".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury casualties "1200".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury casualties "1300".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury combatant Cavalier.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury combatant Roundhead.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander Charles_I_of_England.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander Robert_Devereux,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander "Philip Stapleton".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander "Prince Rupert".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury commander "Sir John Byron".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury conflict "First Battle of Newbury".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury date "1643-09-20".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury hasPhotoCollection First_Battle_of_Newbury.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury partof "the First English Civil War".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury place Newbury,_Berkshire.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury result "Decisive Parliamentarian victory".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "6000".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "7000".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "7500".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury strength "8000".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury subject Category:1643_in_England.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury subject Category:Battles_of_the_English_Civil_Wars.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury subject Category:Conflicts_in_1643.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury subject Category:Military_history_of_Berkshire.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury subject Category:Newbury,_Berkshire.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury subject Category:Registered_historic_battlefields_in_England.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury subject Category:West_Berkshire.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury point "51.389836 -1.344594".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Abstraction100002137.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Act100030358.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Battle100953559.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type BattlesOfTheEnglishCivilWars.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Conflict100958896.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type ConflictsIn1643.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Event100029378.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type GroupAction101080366.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type MilitaryAction100952963.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Event.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type MilitaryConflict.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type SocietalEvent.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Event.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Event.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type Thing.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury type SpatialThing.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury comment "The First Battle of Newbury was a battle of the First English Civil War that was fought on 20 September 1643 between a Royalist army, under the personal command of King Charles, and a Parliamentarian force led by the Earl of Essex. Following a year of Royalist successes in which they took Banbury, Oxford and Reading without conflict before storming Bristol, the Parliamentarians were left without an effective army in the field.".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury label "Battaglia di Newbury (1643)".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury label "Bitwa pod Newbury (1643)".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury label "First Battle of Newbury".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury sameAs Battaglia_di_Newbury_(1643).
• First_Battle_of_Newbury sameAs Bitwa_pod_Newbury_(1643).
• First_Battle_of_Newbury sameAs m.045jlb.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury sameAs Q2058454.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury sameAs Q2058454.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury sameAs First_Battle_of_Newbury.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury lat "51.389836".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury long "-1.344594".
• First_Battle_of_Newbury wasDerivedFrom First_Battle_of_Newbury?oldid=597691052.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury depiction Newbury_and_surroundings.jpg.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury isPrimaryTopicOf First_Battle_of_Newbury.
• First_Battle_of_Newbury name "First Battle of Newbury".