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- First_Bulgarian_Empire abstract "The First Bulgarian Empire (modern Bulgarian: Първo българско царство, Parvo Balgarsko Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in the north-eastern Balkans in c. 680 by the Bulgars, which subdued or drove out the Byzantines and made the South Slavic settlers their allies. At the height of its power it spread between Budapest and the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River in modern Ukraine to the Adriatic Sea. As the state solidified its position in the Balkans, it entered on a centuries-long interaction, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, with the Byzantine Empire. Bulgaria emerged as Byzantium's chief antagonist to the North, resulting in several wars. The two powers however also enjoyed periods of peace and alliance, most notably during the Second Arab siege of Constantinople, where the Bulgarian army played a crucial role in breaking the siege and preventing an Arab invasion in Eastern Europe. Byzantium had a strong cultural influence on Bulgaria, which also led to the eventual adoption of Christianity in 864. After the disintegration of the Avar Khaganate, the country expanded its territory northwest to the Pannonian Plain (present-day Hungary). Later the Bulgarians confronted the advance of the Pechenegs and Cumans, and achieved a decisive victory over the Magyars, forcing them to establish themselves permanently in Pannonia.During the late 9th and early 10th centuries, Tsar Simeon I achieved a string of victories over the Byzantines, and expanded the Empire to its apogee. After the annihilation of the Byzantine army in the battle of Anchialus in 917, the Bulgarians laid siege to Constantinople in 923 and 924. The Byzantines eventually recovered, and in 1014 under Basil II, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Bulgarians at the Battle of Kleidion. By 1018, the last Bulgarian strongholds had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire, and the First Bulgarian Empire had ceased to exist. It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185.After the adoption of Christianity in 864 Bulgaria became the cultural center of Slavic Europe. Its leading cultural position was further consolidated with the invention of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts shortly after in the capital Preslav, and literature produced in Old Bulgarian soon began spreading North. Old Bulgarian became the lingua franca of much of Eastern Europe and it came to be known as Old Church Slavonic. In 927 the fully independent Bulgarian Patriarchate was officially recognized.Between the 7th and 10th centuries, the local population, the Bulgars and the other tribes in the empire, which were outnumbered by the Slavs, gradually became absorbed by them, adopting a South Slav language. Since the late 10th century, the names Bulgarians and Bulgarian became prevalent and became permanent designations for the local population, both in the literature and in the spoken language. The development of Old Church Slavonic literacy had the effect of preventing the assimilation of the South Slavs into neighboring cultures, while stimulating the formation of a distinct Bulgarian identity.".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Ohrid.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Pliska.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Preslav.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Skopje.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire dissolutionYear "1018".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire foundingYear "0681".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire governmentType Autocracy.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire thumbnail Theoritical_Flag_of_Bulgaria_in_9th_century.png?width=300.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink _ftn49.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink index.php?page=book&id=2271&PHPSESSID=6e7a644cf7f0100a222bb7d55953be18.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink index.php?type=2&p=2169&id=4514676.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink history_of_Bulgaria.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire wikiPageExternalLink a-history-of-the-first-bulgarian-empire-by-steven-runciman.jsp.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire wikiPageID "2843775".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire wikiPageRevisionID "606545932".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Ohrid.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Pliska.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Preslav.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire capital Skopje.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire commonLanguages Bulgar_language.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire commonLanguages Medieval_Greek.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire commonLanguages Old_Church_Slavonic.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire commonName "Bulgaria".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire continent "Europe".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire conventionalLongName "First Bulgarian Empire".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire dateEvent "864".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire dateEvent "893".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire dateEvent "913".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire era "Middle Ages".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire event Christianization_of_Bulgaria.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire event "Adoption of Old Bulgarian as the national language".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire event "Simeon I assumes the title of Tsar".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire eventEnd "Capitulation to Byzantium".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire eventStart "Arrival of Asparukh".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire flagP "Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire flagP "The Monogram of Kubrat.png".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire flagS "Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire flagS "Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire flagType "Flag of knayz Boris".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire governmentType Autocracy.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire hasPhotoCollection First_Bulgarian_Empire.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire imageCoat "Monogram of Asparuh.svg".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire imageFlag "Theoritical Flag of Bulgaria in 9th century.png".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire imageMap "First Bulgarian Empire.png".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire imageMapCaption "Bulgaria during the reign of Simeon the Great, 10th century".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire leader "Asparukh".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire leader "Presian II".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire nativeName "ц︢рьство бл︢гарское".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire p "Avar Khaganate".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire p "Byzantine Empire".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire p "Old Great Bulgaria".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire region "Balkans".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire religion Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire religion Slavic_mythology.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire religion Tengrism.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire s "Byzantine Empire".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire s "Second Bulgarian Empire".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire statArea "575000".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire statArea "753000".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire statPop "4000000".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire statYear "10".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire statYear "9".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire symbolType "Monogram of Asparukh".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire titleLeader List_of_Bulgarian_monarchs.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire yearEnd "1018".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire yearLeader "1018".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire yearLeader "681".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire yearStart "681".
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:1018_disestablishments.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:11th_century_in_Bulgaria.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:681_establishments.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:Bulgarian_Empire.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:Byzantine_Empire_successor_states_in_the_Balkans.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:Former_Slavic_countries.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:Former_countries_in_the_Balkans.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:Former_empires_of_Europe.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:History_of_Bulgaria.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:Moldova_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire subject Category:States_and_territories_established_in_632.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type AdministrativeDistrict108491826.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type ByzantineEmpireSuccessorStatesInTheBalkans.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Country108544813.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type District108552138.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Domain108556491.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Empire108557482.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type FormerCountriesInTheBalkans.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type FormerEmpires.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type FormerSlavicCountries.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Location100027167.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Object100002684.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Region108630985.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type StatesAndTerritoriesEstablishedIn632.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type YagoGeoEntity.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type YagoLegalActorGeo.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Country.
- First_Bulgarian_Empire type Place.