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- Fluorine abstract "Fluorine is an extremely reactive and poisonous elemental gas with a pale yellow appearance. It is composed of diatomic molecules, has an atomic number of 9, and is the lightest of the halogens and most electronegative of the elements. Fluorine is the 24th most abundant element in the known universe and the 13th most abundant within the Earth's crust. It has a rich chemistry, forming compounds with nearly all other elements, including some of the noble gases.The primary mineral source of fluorine, fluorite (calcium difluorine more commonly known as calcium fluoride, CaF2), was first described in 1529. Trace amounts of F2 are also found in the same calcium fluoride minerals. At that time the Latin verb fluo, meaning "flow", became associated with fluorite rocks because they were added to metal ores to lower their melting points during smelting. First suggested as a chemical element in 1811, fluorine proved to be difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds; several early experimenters were killed or badly hurt in their attempts at doing so. In 1886, French chemist Henri Moissan succeeded in isolating elemental fluorine using low temperature electrolysis, a process still used for the modern industrial production of fluorine.Because of the expense of refining the pure element, nearly all commercially used fluorine remains in compound form throughout its processing. About half of mined fluorite is used directly in steel-making. The other half is converted to hydrogen fluoride, a dangerous acid that is the precursor to many fluorochemicals. The main use of hydrogen fluoride is in the synthesis of various organic fluorides and in cryolite, an inorganic material critical to aluminium refining. Organic fluorides have very high chemical and thermal stability; their largest market segments are in refrigerant gases and—in the form of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)—electrical insulation and cookware. Modern pharmaceuticals such as atorvastatin (Lipitor) and fluoxetine (Prozac) contain fluorine. The fluoride ion, when directly applied to teeth, reduces decay; for this reason it is used in toothpaste and water fluoridation. The largest current end use of free fluorine, uranium enrichment, began in World War II during the Manhattan Project. Global fluorochemical sales amount to over US$15 billion a year.Fluorocarbon gases are generally greenhouse gases with warming potentials 100 to 10,000 times that of carbon dioxide. Sulfur hexafluoride–an insulating gas used in electrical plants–exhibits an even stronger effect, at about 20,000 times the global-warming potential of carbon dioxide. Organofluorines endure in the environment due to the strength of the carbon–fluorine bond; the potential health impact of the most persistent of these compounds is unclear. While a few plants and bacteria synthesize organofluorine poisons for defense against herbivores, fluorine has no metabolic role in mammals.".
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- Fluorine hasPhotoCollection Fluorine.
- Fluorine video "Bright flames during fluorine reactions".
- Fluorine video "Fluorine reacting with caesium".
- Fluorine width "240".
- Fluorine subject Category:Biology_and_pharmacology_of_chemical_elements.
- Fluorine subject Category:Chemical_elements.
- Fluorine subject Category:Diatomic_nonmetals.
- Fluorine subject Category:Fluorinating_agents.
- Fluorine subject Category:Fluorine.
- Fluorine subject Category:Halogens.
- Fluorine subject Category:Industrial_gases.
- Fluorine subject Category:Oxidizing_agents.
- Fluorine comment "Fluorine is an extremely reactive and poisonous elemental gas with a pale yellow appearance. It is composed of diatomic molecules, has an atomic number of 9, and is the lightest of the halogens and most electronegative of the elements. Fluorine is the 24th most abundant element in the known universe and the 13th most abundant within the Earth's crust.".
- Fluorine label "Fluor (element)".
- Fluorine label "Fluor".
- Fluorine label "Fluor".
- Fluorine label "Fluor".