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- Fly_ash abstract "Fly ash, also known as flue-ash, is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. Ash which does not rise is termed bottom ash. In an industrial context, fly ash usually refers to ash produced during combustion of coal. Fly ash is generally captured by electrostatic precipitators or other particle filtration equipment before the flue gases reach the chimneys of coal-fired power plants, and together with bottom ash removed from the bottom of the furnace is in this case jointly known as coal ash. Depending upon the source and makeup of the coal being burned, the components of fly ash vary considerably, but all fly ash includes substantial amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO2) (both amorphous and crystalline) and calcium oxide (CaO), both being endemic ingredients in many coal-bearing rock strata.Toxic constituents depend upon the specific coal bed makeup, but may include one or more of the following elements or substances found in trace quantities (up to hundreds ppm): arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, hexavalent chromium, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, thallium, and vanadium, along with dioxins and PAH compounds.In the past, fly ash was generally released into the atmosphere, but pollution control equipment mandated in recent decades now require that it be captured prior to release. In the US, fly ash is generally stored at coal power plants or placed in landfills. About 43% is recycled, often used as a pozzolan to produce hydraulic cement or hydraulic plaster or a partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete production.Pozzolans ensure the setting of concrete and plaster and provide concrete with more protection from wet conditions and chemical attack.Some have expressed health concerns about this.In some cases, such as the burning of solid waste to create electricity ("resource recovery" facilities a.k.a. waste-to-energy facilities), the fly ash may contain higher levels of contaminants than the bottom ash and mixing the fly and bottom ash together brings the proportional levels of contaminants within the range to qualify as nonhazardous waste in a given state, whereas, unmixed, the fly ash would be within the range to qualify as hazardous waste.".
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink FS-163-97.html.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink www.acaa-usa.org.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink D242.htm?L+mystore+ndfm2845.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink main5356202.shtml.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink chapter-r.pdf.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink 2000-0309-2857.pdf.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink www.fly-ash-information-center.org.in.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink index.php.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink article.cfm?id=coal-ash-is-more-radioactive-than-nuclear-waste.
- Fly_ash wikiPageExternalLink www.ukqaa.org.uk.
- Fly_ash wikiPageID "1331549".
- Fly_ash wikiPageRevisionID "606386354".
- Fly_ash hasPhotoCollection Fly_ash.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Cement.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Coal.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Coal-fired_power_stations.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Concrete.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Environmental_issues_with_coal.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Environmental_issues_with_energy.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Silicates.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Waste.
- Fly_ash subject Category:Waste_treatment_technology.
- Fly_ash comment "Fly ash, also known as flue-ash, is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases. Ash which does not rise is termed bottom ash. In an industrial context, fly ash usually refers to ash produced during combustion of coal.".
- Fly_ash label "Cenere volante".
- Fly_ash label "Cenizas volantes".
- Fly_ash label "Cinzas volantes".
- Fly_ash label "Flugasche".
- Fly_ash label "Fly ash".
- Fly_ash label "Popiół lotny".
- Fly_ash label "Vliegas".
- Fly_ash label "フライアッシュ".
- Fly_ash sameAs Flugasche.
- Fly_ash sameAs Cenizas_volantes.
- Fly_ash sameAs Cenere_volante.
- Fly_ash sameAs フライアッシュ.
- Fly_ash sameAs Vliegas.
- Fly_ash sameAs Popiół_lotny.
- Fly_ash sameAs Cinzas_volantes.
- Fly_ash sameAs m.04tcf6.
- Fly_ash sameAs Q236139.
- Fly_ash sameAs Q236139.
- Fly_ash wasDerivedFrom Fly_ash?oldid=606386354.
- Fly_ash isPrimaryTopicOf Fly_ash.