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- GCaMP abstract "GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator, or GECI. GECIs are designed to show the calcium ion status of a tissue or medium and are either transfected into cell lines or via transgenic crosses. GCaMP is created from a fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP), calmodulin, and M13 .This imaging technique enables monitoring of neurons via action potentials, which would otherwise require large numbers of electrodes or potentiometric imaging.GFP is circularly permuted so that the N- and C-termini are fused, creating a new terminus in the middle of the protein. Fused to the new terminus is calmodulin (CaM) and the M13 domain of a myosin light chain kinase (Nakai). Calmodulin is a symmetrical, hinge-like protein that binds to four calcium ions via E-F motifs. When calcium is present, CaM undergoes a conformational change, and the hinge region is able to bind helical peptide chains on target proteins, such as M13. When calcium is not present, there is a hole from the outside of the barrel into the chromophore, increasing the likelihood of quenching by solvent and GFP fluoresces dimly. However when calcium is present, the hole is plugged and GFP fluorescence increases. Therefore, GCaMP provides imaging of cellular processes, such as action potentials.Due to its modularity, modifications in the different components of GCaMP have been made to achieve imaging that is brighter, faster, and has better signal-to-noise detection. Previous research has shown that amino acid substitutions in GFP could enhance folding activity and therefore increase fluorescence. These adaptations are seen in derivatives of GCaMP, such as GCaMP2 and GCaMP3. This “superfolder GFP” has also been utilized in GCaMP-HS to create improvements in brightness and signal amplitude (Muto). Since GFP has been modified, it is also probable that modifications could be made in calmodulin and its target proteins. However, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. As of 2013, the highest performance GCaMPs are GCaMP3 and GCaMP5, which have a higher signal-to-noise ratio, faster kinetics and greater response than the original GCaMP. They are also stably expressed for months at a time, suggesting future application studying the learning process and how it can reshape patterns in brain activity.".
- GCaMP thumbnail Gcamp.jpg?width=300.
- GCaMP wikiPageID "31700261".
- GCaMP wikiPageRevisionID "594183373".
- GCaMP hasPhotoCollection GCaMP.
- GCaMP subject Category:Biochemistry_methods.
- GCaMP subject Category:Calcium.
- GCaMP subject Category:Calcium_signaling.
- GCaMP subject Category:Cell_imaging.
- GCaMP subject Category:Proteins.
- GCaMP subject Category:Sensors.
- GCaMP type Ability105616246.
- GCaMP type Abstraction100002137.
- GCaMP type BiochemistryMethods.
- GCaMP type Chemical114806838.
- GCaMP type Cognition100023271.
- GCaMP type Compound114818238.
- GCaMP type Know-how105616786.
- GCaMP type Macromolecule114944888.
- GCaMP type Material114580897.
- GCaMP type Matter100020827.
- GCaMP type Method105660268.
- GCaMP type Molecule114682133.
- GCaMP type OrganicCompound114727670.
- GCaMP type Part113809207.
- GCaMP type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- GCaMP type Protein114728724.
- GCaMP type Proteins.
- GCaMP type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- GCaMP type Relation100031921.
- GCaMP type Substance100019613.
- GCaMP type Thing100002452.
- GCaMP type Unit109465459.
- GCaMP comment "GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator, or GECI. GECIs are designed to show the calcium ion status of a tissue or medium and are either transfected into cell lines or via transgenic crosses.".
- GCaMP label "GCaMP".
- GCaMP sameAs m.0gmbqds.
- GCaMP sameAs Q5513063.
- GCaMP sameAs Q5513063.
- GCaMP sameAs GCaMP.
- GCaMP wasDerivedFrom GCaMP?oldid=594183373.
- GCaMP depiction Gcamp.jpg.
- GCaMP isPrimaryTopicOf GCaMP.
