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- GW_approximation abstract "The GW approximation (GWA) is an approximation made in order to calculate the self-energy of a many-body system of electrons. The approximation is that the expansion of the self-energy Σ in terms of the single particle Green's function G and the screened Coulomb interaction W (in units of ) can be truncated after the first term: Another way to say the same thing is that that self-energy is expanded in a formal Taylor series in powers of the screened interaction W and the lowest order term is kept in the expansion in GWA.The above formulae are schematic in nature and show the overall idea of the approximation. More precisely, if we label an electron coordinate with its position, spin, and time and bundle all three into a composite index (the numbers 1, 2, etc.), we have where the "+" superscript means the time index is shifted forward by an infinitesimal amount. The GWA is then To put this in context, if one replaces W by the bare Coulomb interaction (i.e. the usual 1/r interaction), one generates the standard perturbative series for the self-energy found in most many-body textbooks. The GWA with W replaced by the bare Coulomb yields nothing other than the Hartree–Fock exchange potential (self-energy). Therefore, loosely speaking, the GWA represents a type of dynamically screened Hartree–Fock self-energy.In a solid state system, the series for the self-energy in terms of W should converge much faster than the traditional series in the bare Coulomb interaction. This is because the screening of the medium reduces the effective strength of the Coulomb interaction: for example, if one places an electron at some position in a material and asks what the potential is at some other position in the material, the value is smaller than given by the bare Coulomb interaction (inverse distance between the points) because the other electrons in the medium polarize (move or distort their electronic states) so as to screen the electric field. Therefore, W is a smaller quantity than the bare Coulomb interaction so that a series in W should have higher hopes of converging quickly.To see the more rapid convergence, we can consider the simplest example involving the homogeneous or uniform electron gas which is characterized by an electron density or equivalently the average electron-electron separation or Wigner-Seitz radius . (We only present a scaling argument and will not compute numerical prefactors that are order unity.) Here are the key steps: The kinetic energy of an electron scales as The average electron-electron repulsion from the bare (unscreened) Coulomb interaction scales as (simply the inverse of the typical separation) The electron gas dielectric function in the simplest Thomas–Fermi screening model for a wave vector is where is the screening wave number that scales as Typical wave vectors scale as (again typical inverse separation) Hence a typical screening value is The screened Coulomb interaction is Thus for the bare Coulomb interaction, the ratio of Coulomb to kinetic energy is of order which is of order 2-5 for a typical metal and not small at all: in other words, the bare Coulomb interaction is rather strong and makes for a poor perturbative expansion. On the other hand, the ratio of a typical to the kinetic energy is greatly reduced by the screening and is of order which is well behaved and smaller than unity even for large the screened interaction is much weaker and is more likely to give a rapidly converging perturbative series.".
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink aimsclub.fhi-berlin.mpg.de.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink 001.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink fiesta.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink KJ00004711290.pdf.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink www.berkeleygw.org.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink fhi-gap.html.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink index.php?n=SPEX.Spex-Fleur.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink gw_review.ps.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink www.sax-project.org.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink gw.html.
- GW_approximation wikiPageExternalLink 9712013.
- GW_approximation wikiPageID "7516709".
- GW_approximation wikiPageRevisionID "599508480".
- GW_approximation hasPhotoCollection GW_approximation.
- GW_approximation subject Category:Quantum_field_theory.
- GW_approximation comment "The GW approximation (GWA) is an approximation made in order to calculate the self-energy of a many-body system of electrons.".
- GW_approximation label "Approssimazione GW".
- GW_approximation label "GW approximation".
- GW_approximation label "GW近似".
- GW_approximation label "GW近似".
- GW_approximation sameAs Approssimazione_GW.
- GW_approximation sameAs GW近似.
- GW_approximation sameAs m.02641sf.
- GW_approximation sameAs Q1073627.
- GW_approximation sameAs Q1073627.
- GW_approximation wasDerivedFrom GW_approximation?oldid=599508480.
- GW_approximation isPrimaryTopicOf GW_approximation.