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• Galápagos_tortoise abstract "The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) is the largest living species of tortoise and the 13th-heaviest living reptile, reaching weights of over 400 kg (880 lb) and lengths of over 1.8 meters (5.9 ft). With life spans in the wild of over 100 years, it is one of the longest-lived vertebrates. A captive individual lived at least 170 years.The tortoise is native to seven of the Galápagos Islands, a volcanic archipelago about 1,000 km (620 mi) west of the Ecuadorian mainland. Spanish explorers, who discovered the islands in the 16th century, named them after the Spanish galápago, meaning tortoise.Shell size and shape vary between populations. On islands with humid highlands, the tortoises are larger, with domed shells and short necks - on islands with dry lowlands, the tortoises are smaller, with "saddleback" shells and long necks. Charles Darwin's observations of these differences on the second voyage of the Beagle in 1835, contributed to the development of his theory of evolution.Tortoise numbers declined from over 250,000 in the 16th century to a low of around 3,000 in the 1970s. This decline was caused by exploitation of the species for meat and oil, habitat clearance for agriculture, and introduction of non-native animals to the islands, such as rats, goats, and pigs. Ten subspecies of the original fifteen survive in the wild; an eleventh subspecies (C. n. abingdonii) had only a single known living individual, kept in captivity and nicknamed Lonesome George until his death in June 2012. Conservation efforts, beginning in the 20th century, have resulted in thousands of captive-bred juveniles being released onto their ancestral home islands, and it is estimated that the total number of the species exceeded 19,000 at the start of the 21st century. Despite this rebound, the species as a whole is classified as "vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).".
• Galápagos_tortoise thumbnail Galapagos_giant_tortoise_Geochelone_elephantopus.jpg?width=300.
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageID "7934681".
• Galápagos_tortoise wikiPageRevisionID "606085823".
• Galápagos_tortoise align "right".
• Galápagos_tortoise alt "A tortoise of the ''abingdonii' subspecies. It has a distinctively saddle shaped shell that flares above the neck and limbs.".
• Galápagos_tortoise alt "A tortoise of the chathamensis subspecies. It has a slightly saddle shaped shell.".
• Galápagos_tortoise alt "A tortoise of the porteri subspecies. It has a rounded shell shaped like a dome.".
• Galápagos_tortoise caption "Domed".
• Galápagos_tortoise caption "Intermediate".
• Galápagos_tortoise caption "Saddleback".
• Galápagos_tortoise direction "vertical".
• Galápagos_tortoise genus "Chelonoidis".
• Galápagos_tortoise header "Galápagos tortoise shell varieties".
• Galápagos_tortoise image "Chathamensis.jpg".
• Galápagos_tortoise image "GNigrita.jpg".
• Galápagos_tortoise image "Lonesome George in profile.png".
• Galápagos_tortoise imageAlt "Adult Galápagos tortoise".
• Galápagos_tortoise name "Galápagos tortoises".
• Galápagos_tortoise species "nigra".
• Galápagos_tortoise status "VU".
• Galápagos_tortoise statusSystem "iucn2.3".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. becki".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. chathamensis".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. darwini".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. duncanensis".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. hoodensis".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. nigra".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. phantastica".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. porteri".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "* C. n. vicina".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivision "See: Subspecies of Galápagos tortoise * C. n. abingdonii".
• Galápagos_tortoise subdivisionRanks Subspecies.
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "(Baur, 1889) * Testudo macrophyes".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "(Garman, 1917) * Testudo vandenburghi".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "(Günther, 1875 ) * Geochelone nigra duncanensis".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "(Günther, 1875 ) * Testudo abingdoni".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "(Günther, 1875) * Testudo vicina".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "* Testudo californiana".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Baur 1889 C. n. abingdoni * Testudo ephippium".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Bour, 1980 C. n. nigra * Testudo californiana".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "De Sola, R. 1930 ; Chelonoidis nigra nigra * Testudo nigra (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) * Testudo californiana (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) * Testudo galapagoensis (Baur, 1889) * Testudo elephantopus galapagoensis (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Geochelone elephantopus galapagoensis (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis galapagoensis (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis nigra (Bour, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus galapagoensis (Obst, 1985) * Geochelone nigra (Pritchard, 1986) * Geochelone nigra nigra (Stubbs, 1989) * Chelonoidis nigra galapagoensis (David, 1994) * Chelonoidis nigra nigra (David, 1994) * Geochelone elephantopus nigra (Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996) * Testudo california (Paull, 1998) ' * Testudo californianana (Paull, 1999) ' ; Chelonoidis nigra abingdoniii * Testudo ephippium (Günther, 1875) * Testudo abingdonii (Günther, 1877) * Testudo abingdoni (Van Denburgh, 1914) ' * Testudo elephantopus abingdonii (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Testudo elephantopus ephippium (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Geochelone abingdonii (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus abingdoni (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus ephippium (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone ephippium (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis abingdonii (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis ephippium (Bour, 1980) * Geochelone elephantopus abingdonii (Groombridge, 1982) * Geochelone abingdoni (Fritts, 1983) * Geochelone epphipium (Fritts, 1983) ' * Chelonoidis nigra ephippium (Pritchard, 1984) * Chelonoidis elephantopus abingdoni (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus ephippium (Obst, 1985) * Geochelone nigra abingdoni (Stubbs, 1989) * Chelonoidis nigra abingdoniii (David, 1994) * Chelonoidis elephantopus abingdonii (Rogner, 1996) * Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii (Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996) * Chelonoidis nigra abdingdonii (Obst, 1996) ' * Geochelone abdingdonii (Obst, 1996) * Geochelone nigra abdingdoni (Obst, 1996) ' * Geochelone nigra ephyppium (Caccone, Gibbs, Ketmaier, Suatoni & Powell, 1999) ' * Chelonoidis nigra ahingdonii (Artner, 2003) ' * Chelonoidis abingdoni (Joseph-Ouni, 2004) ; Chelonoidis nigra becki * Testudo becki (Rothschild, 1901) * Testudo bedsi (Heller, 1903) ' * Geochelone becki (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus becki (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis becki (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis elephantopus becki (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis nigra beckii (David, 1994) ' * Chelonoidis elephantopus beckii (Rogner, 1996) * Chelonoidis nigra becki (Obst, 1996) ; Chelonoidis nigra chathamensis * Testudo wallacei (Rothschild, 1902) * Testudo chathamensis (Van Denburgh, 1907) * Testudo elephantopus chathamensis (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Testudo elephantopus wallacei (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Testudo chatamensis (Slevin & Leviton, 1956) ' * Geochelone chathamensis (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus chathamensis (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus wallacei (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone wallacei (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis chathamensis (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis elephantopus chathamensis (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus wallacei (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus chatamensis (Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993) * Chelonoidis nigra chathamensis (David, 1994) * Chelonoidis nigra wallacei (Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996) * Geochelone cathamensis (Obst, 1996) ' * Geochelone elephantopus chatamensis (Paull, 1996) * Testudo chathamensis chathamensis (Pritchard, 1998) * Cherlonoidis nigra wallacei (Wilms, 1999) * Geochelone nigra chatamensis (Caccone, Gibbs, Ketmaier, Suatoni & Powell, 1999) * Geochelone nigra wallacei (Chambers, 2004) Chelonoidis nigra darwini * Testudo wallacei (Rothschild, 1902) * Testudo darwini (Van Denburgh, 1907) * Testudo elephantopus darwini (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Testudo elephantopus wallacei (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Geochelone darwini (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus darwini (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus wallacei (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone wallacei (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis darwini (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis elephantopus darwini (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus wallacei (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis nigra darwinii (David, 1994) ' * Chelonoidis elephantopus darwinii (Rogner, 1996) * Chelonoidis nigra darwini (Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996) * Chelonoidis nigra wallacei (Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996) * Cherlonoidis nigra wallacei (Wilms, 1999) * Geochelone nigra darwinii (Ferri, 2002) * Geochelone nigra wallacei (Chambers, 2004) ; Chelonoidis nigra duncanensis * Testudo duncanensis (Garman, 1917) ' * Geochelone nigra duncanensis (Stubbs, 1989) * Geochelone nigra duncanensis (Garman, 1996) * Chelonoidis nigra duncanensis (Artner, 2003) * Chelonoidis duncanensis (Joseph-Ouni, 2004) ; Chelonoidis nigra hoodensis * Testudo hoodensis (Van Denburgh, 1907) * Testudo elephantopus hoodensis (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Geochelone elephantopus hoodensis (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone hoodensis (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis hoodensis (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis elephantopus hoodensis (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis nigra hoodensis (David, 1994) ; Chelonoidis nigra phantastica * Testudo phantasticus (Van Denburgh, 1907) * Testudo phantastica (Siebenrock, 1909) * Testudo elephantopus phantastica (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Geochelone elephantopus phantastica (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone phantastica (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis phantastica (Bour, 1980) * Geochelone phantasticus (Crumly, 1984) * Chelonoidis elephantopus phantastica (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis nigra phantastica (David, 1994) ; Chelonoidis nigra porteri * Testudo nigrita (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) * Testudo porteri (Rothschild, 1903) * Testudo elephantopus nigrita (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Geochelone elephantopus porteri (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone nigrita (Pritchard, 1967) * Chelonoidis nigrita (Bour, 1980) * Geochelone elephantopus nigrita (Honegger, 1980) * Geochelone porteri (Fritts, 1983) * Chelonoidis elephantopus nigrita (Obst, 1985) * Geochelone nigra porteri (Stubbs, 1989) * Chelonoidis elephantopus porteri (Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993) * Chelonoidis nigra nigrita (David, 1994) * Geochelone nigra perteri (Müller & Schmidt, 1995) ' * Chelonoidis nigra porteri (Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996) ; Chelonoidis nigra vicina * Testudo elephantopus (Harlan, 1827) * Testudo microphyes (Günther, 1875) * Testudo vicina (Günther, 1875) * Testudo macrophyes (Garman, 1917) * Testudo vandenburghi de (Sola, 1930) * Testudo elephantopus elephantopus (Mertens & Wermuth, 1955) * Geochelone elephantopus (Williams, 1960) * Geochelone elephantopus elephantopus (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus guentheri (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus guntheri (Pritchard, 1967) ' * Geochelone elephantopus microphyes (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus vandenburgi (Pritchard, 1967) ' * Geochelone guntheri (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone microphyes (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone vandenburghi (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone vicina (Pritchard, 1967) * Geochelone elephantopus microphys (Arnold, 1979) ' * Geochelone elephantopus vandenburghi (Pritchard, 1979) * Chelonoides elephantopus (Obst, 1980) * Chelonoidis elephantopus (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis guentheri (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis microphyes (Bour, 1980) * Chelonoidis vandenburghi (Bour, 1980) * Geochelone guentheri (Fritts, 1983) * Chelonoidis elephantopus elephantopus (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus guentheri (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus microphyes (Obst, 1985) * Chelonoidis elephantopus vandenburghi (Obst, 1985) * Geochelone elephantopus vicina (Swingland, 1989) * Geochelone elephantopus vicini (Swingland, 1989) ' * Chelonoidis elephantopus guntheri (Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993) * Chelonoidis nigra guentheri (David, 1994) * Chelonoidis nigra microphyes (David, 1994) * Chelonoidis nigra vandenburghi (David, 1994) * Geochelone nigra elephantopus (Müller & Schmidt, 1995) * Chelonoidis elephantopus vicina (Rogner, 1996) * Geochelone elephantopus vandenburghii (Obst, 1996) ' * Geochelone vandenburghii (Obst, 1996) * Chelonoidis nigra microphyies (Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996) ' * Geochelone elephantopus microphytes (Paull, 1996) ' * Geochelone elephantopus vandenbergi (Paull, 1996) * Testudo elephantopus guntheri (Paull, 1999) * Chelonoidis nigra vicina (Artner, 2003) * Chelonoidis vicina (Joseph-Ouni, 2004) * Geochelone nigra guentheri (Chambers, 2004)".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Duméril and Bibron, 1834 * Testudo planiceps".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Duméril and Bibron, 1834 * Testudo porteri".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Garman, 1917 * Testudo elephantopus".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Garman, 1917 * Testudo typica".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Garman, 1917 in Pritchard, 1996 C. n. hoodensis * Testudo hoodensis".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Gray, 1853 * Testudo clivosa".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Günther, 1875 * Testudo güntheri".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Günther, 1877 C. n. becki * Testudo becki".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Harlan, 1827 * Testudo nigrita".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Pritchard, 1967 * Chelonoidis elephantopus".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Quoy & Gaimard, 1824a * Testudo nigra".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Quoy & Gaimard, 1824b * Testudo elephantopus".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Quoy & Gaimard, 1824b * Testudo galapagoensis".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Rothschild 1902 * Testudo chathamensis".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Rothschild 1902 * Testudo darwini".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Rothschild, 1901 C. n. chathamensis * Testudo wallacei".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Rothschild, 1903 C. n. vicina * Testudo microphyes".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Van Denburgh, 1907 C. n. darwini * Testudo wallacei".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Van Denburgh, 1907 C. n. duncanensis * Testudo ephippium".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Van Denburgh, 1907 C. n. phantastica * Testudo phantasticus".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Van Denburgh, 1907 C. n. porteri * Testudo nigrita".
• Galápagos_tortoise synonyms "Williams, 1952 * Geochelone elephantopus".
• Galápagos_tortoise width "200".
• Galápagos_tortoise subject Category:Animals_described_in_1824.
• Galápagos_tortoise subject Category:Chelonoidis.
• Galápagos_tortoise subject Category:Endemic_fauna_of_the_Galápagos_Islands.
• Galápagos_tortoise subject Category:Megafauna.
• Galápagos_tortoise comment "The Galápagos tortoise or Galápagos giant tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra) is the largest living species of tortoise and the 13th-heaviest living reptile, reaching weights of over 400 kg (880 lb) and lengths of over 1.8 meters (5.9 ft). With life spans in the wild of over 100 years, it is one of the longest-lived vertebrates.".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Chelonoidis nigra".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Chelonoidis nigra".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Galapagosreuzenschildpad".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Galápagos tortoise".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Galápagos-Riesenschildkröte".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Tartaruga-das-galápagos".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Żółw słoniowy".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "Слоновая черепаха".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "سلحفاة الغالاباغوس".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "ガラパゴスゾウガメ".
• Galápagos_tortoise label "加拉帕戈斯象龜".
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Gal%C3%A1pagos_tortoise.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Želva_sloní.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Galápagos-Riesenschildkröte.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Chelonoidis_nigra.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Galapagoetako_dortoka_erraldoi.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Chelonoidis_nigra.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Chelonoidis_niger.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs ガラパゴスゾウガメ.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs 갈라파고스땅거북.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Galapagosreuzenschildpad.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Żółw_słoniowy.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Tartaruga-das-galápagos.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Q486672.
• Galápagos_tortoise sameAs Q486672.
• Galápagos_tortoise wasDerivedFrom Galápagos_tortoise?oldid=606085823.
• Galápagos_tortoise depiction Galapagos_giant_tortoise_Geochelone_elephantopus.jpg.