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- Genetics abstract "Genetics (from the Ancient Greek γενετικός genetikos meaning "genitive"/"generative", in turn from γένεσις genesis meaning "origin"), a field in biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.Genetics is the process of trait inheritance from parents to offspring, including the molecular structure and function of genes, gene behavior in the context of a cell or organism (e.g. dominance and epigenetics), gene distribution and variation and change in populations. Given that genes are universal to living organisms, genetics can be applied to the study of all living systems, including bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. The observation that living things inherit traits from their parents has been used since prehistoric times to improve crop plants and animals through selective breeding. The modern science of genetics, seeking to understand this process, began with the work of Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th century.Mendel observed that organisms inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of a gene. A more modern working definition of a gene is a portion (or sequence) of DNA that codes for a known cellular function. This portion of DNA is variable, it may be small or large, have a few subregions or many subregions. The word "gene" refers to portions of DNA that are required for a single cellular process or single function, more than the word refers to a single tangible item. A quick idiom that is often used (but not always true) is "one gene, one protein" meaning a singular gene codes for a singular protein type in a cell. Another analogy is that a "gene" is like a "sentence" and "nucleotides" are like "letters". A series of nucleotides can be put together without forming a gene (non-coding regions of DNA), like a string of letters can be put together without forming a sentence (babble). Nonetheless, all sentences must have letters, like all genes must have nucleotides.The sequence of nucleotides in a gene is read and translated by a cell to produce a chain of amino acids which in turn spontaneously folds into a protein. The order of amino acids in a protein corresponds to the order of nucleotides in the gene. This relationship between nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence is known as the genetic code. The amino acids in a protein determine how it folds into its unique three-dimensional shape, a structure that is ultimately responsible for the protein's function. Proteins carry out many of the functions needed for cells to live. A change to the DNA in a gene can change a protein's amino acid sequence, thereby changing its shape and function and rendering the protein ineffective or even malignant (as, for example, in sickle cell anemia). Changes to genes are called mutations.Genetics acts in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior. Genes may be activated or inactivated, as determined by a cell's or organism's intra- or extra-cellular environment. For example, while genes play a role in determining human height, an individual's nutrition and health during childhood also have a large effect.".
- Genetics thumbnail DNA_Overview2.png?width=300.
- Genetics wikiPageID "12266".
- Genetics wikiPageRevisionID "606370886".
- Genetics col "* Bacterial genome size * Evolution * Genetic disorder * Medical genetics * Mutation".
- Genetics col "* Outline of genetics * Timeline of the history of genetics * Index of genetics articles".
- Genetics col1width "17".
- Genetics hasPhotoCollection Genetics.
- Genetics subject Category:Genetics.
- Genetics comment "Genetics (from the Ancient Greek γενετικός genetikos meaning "genitive"/"generative", in turn from γένεσις genesis meaning "origin"), a field in biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.Genetics is the process of trait inheritance from parents to offspring, including the molecular structure and function of genes, gene behavior in the context of a cell or organism (e.g. dominance and epigenetics), gene distribution and variation and change in populations.".
- Genetics label "Genetica".
- Genetics label "Genetica".
- Genetics label "Genetics".
- Genetics label "Genetik".
- Genetics label "Genetyka".
- Genetics label "Genética".
- Genetics label "Genética".
- Genetics label "Génétique".
- Genetics label "Генетика".
- Genetics label "علم الوراثة".
- Genetics label "遗传学".
- Genetics label "遺伝学".
- Genetics sameAs Genetika.
- Genetics sameAs Genetik.
- Genetics sameAs Γενετική.
- Genetics sameAs Genética.
- Genetics sameAs Genetika.
- Genetics sameAs Génétique.
- Genetics sameAs Genetika.
- Genetics sameAs Genetica.
- Genetics sameAs 遺伝学.
- Genetics sameAs 유전학.
- Genetics sameAs Genetica.
- Genetics sameAs Genetyka.
- Genetics sameAs Genética.
- Genetics sameAs m.036_2.
- Genetics sameAs Mx4rvViFU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA.
- Genetics sameAs Q7162.
- Genetics sameAs Q7162.
- Genetics wasDerivedFrom Genetics?oldid=606370886.
- Genetics depiction DNA_Overview2.png.
- Genetics isPrimaryTopicOf Genetics.
