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- Granzyme abstract "Granzymes are serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Their purpose is to induce apoptosis within virus-infected cells, thus destroying them. Granzymes when in the host cell are contained in cytotoxic granules to prevent harm to the host cell. Other locations that granzymes can be detected are in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, and the trans-golgi reticulum. The goal of the granules and perforins is to create a path way for the granzymes to follow and enter the target cells cytosol. Granzymes are identified as being part of the serine esterase family.Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells release a protein called perforin, which attacks the target cells. Researchers used to think that perforin creates pores within the cell membranes, through which the granzymes can enter, inducing apoptosis. However, new evidence indicates that a multimeric complex (Granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin) can enter a cell through the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (or another receptor found in tumor cells) and is enclosed in a vesicle (a sac). Not mentioned in reference Perforin then allows GrB to pass through the vesicle surface and into the cell, causing apoptosis by various pathways.They do so by cleaving caspases (especially caspase-3), which in turn activates caspase-activated DNase. This enzyme degrades DNA, thus inducing apoptotic cascades. Also, GrB cleaves the protein Bid, which recruits the protein Bax and Bak to change the membrane permeability of the mitochondria, causing the release of cytochrome c (which is one of the parts needed to activate caspase-9 via the Apoptosome), Smac/Diablo and Omi/HtrA2 (which suppress the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins(IAPs)), among other proteins. As well, GrB is shown to cleave many of the chemicals responsible for apoptosis without the aid of caspase, as proven by experiments on caspase knockout mice CTL cells incubated with other cells.".
- Granzyme wikiPageID "1176614".
- Granzyme wikiPageRevisionID "604222663".
- Granzyme hasPhotoCollection Granzyme.
- Granzyme subject Category:EC_3.4.21.
- Granzyme subject Category:Immune_system.
- Granzyme subject Category:Programmed_cell_death.
- Granzyme type Abstraction100002137.
- Granzyme type Activator114723079.
- Granzyme type Catalyst114723628.
- Granzyme type Chemical114806838.
- Granzyme type Compound114818238.
- Granzyme type Enzyme114732946.
- Granzyme type Enzymes.
- Granzyme type Macromolecule114944888.
- Granzyme type Material114580897.
- Granzyme type Matter100020827.
- Granzyme type Molecule114682133.
- Granzyme type OrganicCompound114727670.
- Granzyme type Part113809207.
- Granzyme type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Granzyme type Protein114728724.
- Granzyme type Relation100031921.
- Granzyme type Substance100019613.
- Granzyme type Thing100002452.
- Granzyme type Unit109465459.
- Granzyme comment "Granzymes are serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Their purpose is to induce apoptosis within virus-infected cells, thus destroying them. Granzymes when in the host cell are contained in cytotoxic granules to prevent harm to the host cell. Other locations that granzymes can be detected are in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, and the trans-golgi reticulum.".
- Granzyme label "Granzyme".
- Granzyme label "Granzyme".
- Granzyme label "Granzyme".
- Granzyme label "Granzyme".
- Granzyme sameAs Granzym.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme sameAs m.04dn_k.
- Granzyme sameAs Q425068.
- Granzyme sameAs Q425068.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme wasDerivedFrom Granzyme?oldid=604222663.
- Granzyme isPrimaryTopicOf Granzyme.