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- Great_Northern_War abstract "The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of Denmark–Norway and Augustus II the Strong of Saxony-Poland-Lithuania. Frederick IV and Augustus II were forced out of the alliance in 1700 and 1706 respectively, but rejoined it in 1709. George I of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) joined the coalition in 1714 for Hanover and in 1717 for Britain, and Frederick William I of Brandenburg-Prussia joined it in 1715.Charles XII led the Swedish army. On the Swedish side were Holstein-Gottorp, several Polish and Lithuanian magnates under Stanisław Leszczyński (1704–10) and Cossacks under the Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Mazepa (1708–10). The Ottoman Empire temporarily hosted Charles XII of Sweden and intervened against Peter I.The war started when an alliance of Denmark–Norway, Saxony and Russia declared war on the Swedish Empire, launching a threefold attack at Swedish Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish Livonia, and Swedish Ingria, sensing an opportunity as Sweden was ruled by the young Charles XII, who was eighteen years old and inexperienced. Sweden parried the Danish and Russian attacks at Travendal and Narva, and in a counter-offensive pushed August II's forces through Lithuania and Poland to Saxony, dethroning Augustus on the way and forcing him to acknowledge defeat in the Treaty of Altranstädt. The treaty also secured the extradition and execution of Johann Reinhold Patkul, architect of the alliance seven years earlier. Peter I had meanwhile recovered and gained ground in Sweden's Baltic provinces, where he cemented Russia's access to the Baltic Sea by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703. Charles XII moved from Saxony into Russia to confront Peter, but the campaign ended with the destruction of the main Swedish army at Poltava (now in Ukraine), and Charles's exile in Ottoman Bender. The Ottoman empire defeated the Russian-Moldavian army in the Pruth River Campaign, but the peace treaty was in the end without great consequence to Russia's position.After Poltava, the anti-Swedish coalition was re-established and subsequently joined by Hanover and Prussia. The remaining Swedish forces in plague-stricken areas south and east of the Baltic Sea were evicted, with the last city, Riga, falling in 1710. Most of the Swedish dominions were partitioned among the coalition members, destroying the Swedish dominium maris baltici. Sweden proper was invaded from the west by Denmark–Norway and from the east by Russia, which had occupied Finland by 1714. The Danish forces were defeated. Charles XII opened up a Norwegian front, but was killed in Fredriksten in 1718.The war ended with Sweden's defeat, leaving Russia as the new dominant power in the Baltic region and arguably a major force in European politics. The formal conclusion of the war was marked by the Swedish-Hanoverian and Swedish-Prussian Treaties of Stockholm (1719), the Dano-Swedish Treaty of Frederiksborg (1720), and the Russo-Swedish Treaty of Nystad (1721). Therein, Sweden ceded her exemption from the Sound Dues, and lost the Baltic provinces and the northern part of Swedish Pomerania. The peace treaties also ended her alliance with Holstein-Gottorp. Hanover gained Bremen-Verden, Brandenburg-Prussia incorporated the Oder estuary, Russia secured the Baltic provinces, and Denmark strengthened her position in Schleswig-Holstein. In Sweden, the absolute monarchy had come to an end with the death of Charles XII, and the Age of Liberty began.".
- Great_Northern_War causalties "175,000 killed by famine, disease and exhaustion.".
- Great_Northern_War causalties "25,000 killed in combat,".
- Great_Northern_War causalties "About 200,000 Swedish:".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "* Crimean Khanate".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "*".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "22px|alt=|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Cossack Hetmanate".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Denmark–Norway".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Electorate of Hanover".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Electorate of Saxony".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Great Britain".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Holstein–Gottorp".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Kingdom of Prussia".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Ottoman Empire".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Swedish Empire".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "Tsardom of Russia".
- Great_Northern_War commander Adam_Ludwig_Lewenhaupt.
- Great_Northern_War commander Adam_Miko%C5%82aj_Sieniawski.
- Great_Northern_War commander Ahmed_III.
- Great_Northern_War commander Aleksandr_Danilovich_Menshikov.
- Great_Northern_War commander Arvid_Axel_Mardefelt.
- Great_Northern_War commander Baltac%C4%B1_Mehmet_Pasha.
- Great_Northern_War commander Boris_Sheremetev.
- Great_Northern_War commander Carl_Gustaf_Armfeldt.
- Great_Northern_War commander Carl_Gustaf_Creutz.
- Great_Northern_War commander Carl_Gustav_Rehnski%C3%B6ld.
- Great_Northern_War commander Charles_Frederick,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp.
- Great_Northern_War commander Charles_XII_of_Sweden.
- Great_Northern_War commander Christian_Detlev_Reventlow.
- Great_Northern_War commander Danylo_Apostol.
- Great_Northern_War commander Erik_Dahlbergh.
- Great_Northern_War commander Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp.
- Great_Northern_War commander Frederick_IV_of_Denmark.
- Great_Northern_War commander Frederick_I_of_Sweden.
- Great_Northern_War commander Frederick_William_I_of_Prussia.
- Great_Northern_War commander Fyodor_Apraksin.
- Great_Northern_War commander George_I_of_Great_Britain.
- Great_Northern_War commander Hans_Wachtmeister.
- Great_Northern_War commander Ivan_Mazepa.
- Great_Northern_War commander Ivan_Skoropadsky.
- Great_Northern_War commander J%C3%B3zef_Potocki.
- Great_Northern_War commander Jacob_Heinrich_von_Flemming.
- Great_Northern_War commander Johann_Matthias_von_der_Schulenburg.
- Great_Northern_War commander Leopold_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Dessau.
- Great_Northern_War commander Magnus_Stenbock.
- Great_Northern_War commander Otto_Vellingk.
- Great_Northern_War commander Peter_Tordenskjold.
- Great_Northern_War commander Peter_the_Great.
- Great_Northern_War commander Stanis%C5%82aw_Chom%C4%99towski.
- Great_Northern_War commander Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski.
- Great_Northern_War commander Ulrika_Eleonora,_Queen_of_Sweden.
- Great_Northern_War commander Wolmar_Anton_von_Schlippenbach.
- Great_Northern_War date "1700-02-22".
- Great_Northern_War result "* Decline of the Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.".
- Great_Northern_War result "* Tsardom of Russia establishes itself as a new power in Europe.".
- Great_Northern_War result "Coalition victory:".
- Great_Northern_War strength "---- Later allies: 160,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength "---- Later allies: 70,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength "---- Support in 1700: 10,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength "17px|Brunswick-Lüneburg: 10,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength "22px|alt=|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: 24,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength "22px|alt=|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: 50,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 110,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 12 ship".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 13 ship".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 130,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 20,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 30,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 4,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 40,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 5,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 50,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength ": 76,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength "Initial force: 260,000".
- Great_Northern_War strength "Initial force: 80,000".
- Great_Northern_War territory Bremen-Verden.
- Great_Northern_War territory Ingria.
- Great_Northern_War territory Livonia.
- Great_Northern_War territory Treaties_of_Stockholm_(Great_Northern_War).
- Great_Northern_War territory Treaty_of_Frederiksborg.
- Great_Northern_War territory Treaty_of_Nystad.
- Great_Northern_War territory Viipuri_Province.
- Great_Northern_War thumbnail Stora_nordiska_kriget.jpg?width=300.
- Great_Northern_War wikiPageExternalLink 10095.
- Great_Northern_War wikiPageID "48757".
- Great_Northern_War wikiPageRevisionID "606615201".
- Great_Northern_War align "left".
- Great_Northern_War battlesWon "21".
- Great_Northern_War battlesWon "5".
- Great_Northern_War caption "Clockwise from top: Battle of Poltava, Battle of Gangut, Battle of Narva, Battle of Gadebusch, Battle of Storkyro".
- Great_Northern_War caption "Peter the Great assaults the island fortress of Nöteborg, which he renamed Shlisselburg, recognising it as the "key" to taking Ingria".
- Great_Northern_War caption "Russian victory at Poltava".
- Great_Northern_War casualties "14000".
- Great_Northern_War casualties "60000".
- Great_Northern_War casualties "About 200,000 Swedish: 25,000 killed in combat, 175,000 killed by famine, disease and exhaustion.".
- Great_Northern_War casualties "At least 75,000 Russians killed in combat.".
- Great_Northern_War casualties "Unknown.".
- Great_Northern_War casus "Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire vying for hegemony over the Baltic Sea.".
- Great_Northern_War combatant "* Crimean Khanate * * Cossack Hetmanate".