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- Gutenberg–Richter_law abstract "In seismology, the Gutenberg–Richter law (GR law) expresses the relationship between the magnitude and total number of earthquakes in any given region and time period of at least that magnitude. or Where: is the number of events having a magnitude and are constantsThe relationship was first proposed by Charles Francis Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The relationship is surprisingly robust and does not vary significantly from region to region or over time. The constant b is typically equal to 1.0 in seismically active regions. This means that for every magnitude 4.0 event there will be 10 magnitude 3.0 quakes and 100 magnitude 2.0 quakes. There is some variation with b-values in the range 0.5 to 1.5 depending on the tectonic environment of the region. A notable exception is during earthquake swarms when the b-value can become as high as 2.5 indicating an even larger proportion of small quakes to large ones.There is debate concerning the interpretation of some observed spatial and temporal variations of b-values. The most frequently cited factors to explain these variations are: the stress applied to the material, the depth, the focal mechanism, the strength heterogeneity of the material, and the proximity of macro-failure. The b-value decrease observed prior to the failure of samples deformed in the laboratory has led to the suggestion that this is a precursor to major macro-failure. Statistical physics provides a theoretical framework for explaining both the steadiness of the Gutenberg–Richter law for large catalogs and its evolution when the macro-failure is approached, but application to earthquake forecasting is currently out of reach. Alternatively, a b-value significantly different from 1.0 may suggest a problem with the data set; e.g. it is incomplete or contains errors in calculating magnitude.There is a tendency for the b-value to decrease for smaller magnitude events. This effect is described as "roll-off" of the b-value, a description due to the plot of the logarithmic version of the GR law becoming flatter at the low magnitude end of the plot. Data which is perfectly following the GR law plots to a straight line. Formerly, this was taken as an indicator of incompleteness of the data set. That is, it was assumed that many low-magnitude earthquakes are missed because fewer stations detect and record them. However, some modern models of earthquake dynamics have roll-off as a natural consequence of the model without the need for the feature to be inserted arbitrarily.The a-value is of less scientific interest and simply indicates the total seismicity rate of the region. This is more easily seen when the GR law is expressed in terms of the total number of events:where,the total number of events.Modern attempts to understand the law involve theories of self-organized criticality or self similarity.".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law thumbnail GR_law_b=1.svg?width=300.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law wikiPageID "4903968".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law wikiPageRevisionID "560749343".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law subject Category:Probabilistic_models.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law subject Category:Seismology_measurement.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law subject Category:Statistical_dependence.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law comment "In seismology, the Gutenberg–Richter law (GR law) expresses the relationship between the magnitude and total number of earthquakes in any given region and time period of at least that magnitude. or Where: is the number of events having a magnitude and are constantsThe relationship was first proposed by Charles Francis Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The relationship is surprisingly robust and does not vary significantly from region to region or over time.".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law label "Gutenberg–Richter law".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law label "Legge di Gutenberg-Richter".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law label "Ley de Gutenberg-Richter".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law label "Loi de Gutenberg-Richter".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law label "Prawo Gutenberga-Richtera".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law label "Закон Гутенберга — Рихтера".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law label "グーテンベルグ・リヒター則".
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs Gutenberg%E2%80%93Richter_law.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs Ley_de_Gutenberg-Richter.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs Loi_de_Gutenberg-Richter.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs Legge_di_Gutenberg-Richter.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs グーテンベルグ・リヒター則.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs Prawo_Gutenberga-Richtera.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs Q507905.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law sameAs Q507905.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law wasDerivedFrom Gutenberg–Richter_law?oldid=560749343.
- Gutenberg–Richter_law depiction GR_law_b=1.svg.
