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• Heritability_of_autism abstract "The heritability of autism is the proportion of autism that can be explained by genetic variation; if the heritability of a condition is high, then the condition is considered to be primarily genetic. Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism is complex and it is unclear whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is explained more by multigene interactions or by rare mutations with major effects. Early studies of twins estimated the heritability of autism to be more than 90%; in other words, that 90% of the differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals is due to genetic effects. This may be an overestimate; new twin data and models with structural genetic variation are needed. When only one identical twin is autistic, the other often has learning or social disabilities. For adult siblings, the risk of having one or more features of the broader autism phenotype might be as high as 30%, much higher than the risk in controls.Genetic linkage analysis has been inconclusive; many association analyses have had inadequate power. For each autistic individual, mutations in more than one gene may be implicated. Mutations in different sets of genes may be involved in different autistic individuals. There may be significant interactions among mutations in several genes, or between the environment and mutated genes. By identifying genetic markers inherited with autism in family studies, numerous candidate genes have been located, most of which encode proteins involved in neural development and function. However, for most of the candidate genes, the actual mutations that increase the risk for autism have not been identified. Typically, autism cannot be traced to a Mendelian (single-gene) mutation or to single chromosome abnormalities such as fragile X syndrome or 22q13 deletion syndrome.The large number of autistic individuals with unaffected family members may result from copy number variations (CNVs)—spontaneous alterations in the genetic material during meiosis that delete or duplicate genetic material. Sporadic (non-inherited) cases have been examined to identify candidate genetic loci involved in autism. Using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), a technique for detecting CNVs, one study found them in 10% of families with one affected child. Some of the altered loci had been identified in previous studies of inherited autism; many were unique to the sporadic cases examined in this study. Hence, a substantial fraction of autism may be highly heritable but not inherited: that is, the mutation that causes the autism is not present in the parental genome.Although the fraction of autism traceable to a genetic cause may grow to 30–40% as the resolution of array CGH improves, several results in this area have been described incautiously, possibly misleading the public into thinking that a large proportion of autism is caused by CNVs and is detectable via array CGH, or that detecting CNVs is tantamount to a genetic diagnosis. The Autism Genome Project database contains genetic linkage and CNV data that connect autism to genetic loci and suggest that every human chromosome may be involved. It may be that using autism-related subphenotypes instead of the diagnosis of autism per se may be more useful in identifying susceptible loci.".
• Heritability_of_autism thumbnail Single_Chromosome_Mutations.png?width=300.
• Heritability_of_autism wikiPageExternalLink agre.org.
• Heritability_of_autism wikiPageID "3232713".
• Heritability_of_autism wikiPageRevisionID "597932059".
• Heritability_of_autism author "Fisch GS".
• Heritability_of_autism author "Losh M, Sullivan PF, Trembath D, Piven J".
• Heritability_of_autism author "O'Roak BJ, State MW".
• Heritability_of_autism doi "10.1002".
• Heritability_of_autism doi "2.74911392448E13".
• Heritability_of_autism hasPhotoCollection Heritability_of_autism.
• Heritability_of_autism issue "1".
• Heritability_of_autism issue "17".
• Heritability_of_autism issue "9".
• Heritability_of_autism journal "Am J Med Genet A".
• Heritability_of_autism journal "Autism Res".
• Heritability_of_autism journal "J Neuropathol Exp Neurol".
• Heritability_of_autism pages "2203".
• Heritability_of_autism pages "4".
• Heritability_of_autism pages "829".
• Heritability_of_autism pmc "2649757".
• Heritability_of_autism pmid "18666231".
• Heritability_of_autism pmid "18716561".
• Heritability_of_autism pmid "19360646".
• Heritability_of_autism title "Autism genetics: strategies, challenges, and opportunities".
• Heritability_of_autism title "Current developments in the genetics of autism: from phenome to genome".
• Heritability_of_autism title "Syndromes and epistemology II: is autism a polygenic disorder? &#124;title.=".
• Heritability_of_autism volume "1".
• Heritability_of_autism volume "146.0".
• Heritability_of_autism volume "67".
• Heritability_of_autism year "2008".
• Heritability_of_autism subject Category:Autism.
• Heritability_of_autism subject Category:Medical_genetics.
• Heritability_of_autism comment "The heritability of autism is the proportion of autism that can be explained by genetic variation; if the heritability of a condition is high, then the condition is considered to be primarily genetic. Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism is complex and it is unclear whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is explained more by multigene interactions or by rare mutations with major effects.".
• Heritability_of_autism label "Heritability of autism".
• Heritability_of_autism label "Héritabilité de l'autisme".
• Heritability_of_autism sameAs Héritabilité_de_l'autisme.
• Heritability_of_autism sameAs m.090306.
• Heritability_of_autism sameAs Q3145036.
• Heritability_of_autism sameAs Q3145036.
• Heritability_of_autism wasDerivedFrom Heritability_of_autism?oldid=597932059.
• Heritability_of_autism depiction Single_Chromosome_Mutations.png.
• Heritability_of_autism isPrimaryTopicOf Heritability_of_autism.