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- History_of_Mars_observation abstract "The recorded history of Mars observation dates back to the era of the ancient Egyptian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BCE. Chinese records about the motions of Mars appeared before the founding of the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE). Detailed observations of the position of Mars were made by Babylonian astronomers who developed arithmetic techniques to predict the future position of the planet. The ancient Greek philosophers and Hellenistic astronomers developed a geocentric model to explain the planet's motions. Indian and Islamic[citation required] astronomers estimated the size of Mars and its distance from Earth. In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model for the Solar System in which the planets follow circular orbits about the Sun. This was revised by Johannes Kepler, yielding an elliptic orbit for Mars that more accurately fitted the observational data.The first telescopic observation of Mars was by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Within a century, astronomers discovered distinct albedo features on the planet, including the dark patch Syrtis Major Planum and polar ice caps. They were able to determine the planet's rotation period and axial tilt. These observations were primarily made during the time intervals when the planet was located in opposition to the Sun, at which points Mars made its closest approaches to the Earth.Better telescopes developed early in the 19th century allowed permanent Martian albedo features to be mapped in detail. The first crude map of Mars was published in 1840, followed by more refined maps from 1877 onward. When astronomers mistakenly thought they had detected the spectroscopic signature of water in the Martian atmosphere, the idea of life on Mars became popularized among the public. Percival Lowell believed he could see a network of artificial canals on Mars. These linear features later proved to be an optical illusion, and the atmosphere was found to be too thin to support an Earth-like environment.Yellow clouds on Mars have been observed since the 1870s, which Eugène M. Antoniadi suggested were windblown sand or dust. During the 1920s, the range of Martian surface temperature was measured; it ranged from −85 to 7 °C (−121 to 45 °F). The planetary atmosphere was found to be arid with only trace amounts of oxygen and water. In 1947, Gerard Kuiper showed that the thin Martian atmosphere contained extensive carbon dioxide; roughly double the quantity found in Earth's atmosphere. The first standard nomenclature for Mars albedo features was adopted in 1960 by the International Astronomical Union. Since the 1960s, multiple robotic spacecraft have been sent to explore Mars from orbit and the surface. The planet has remained under observation by ground and space-based instruments across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The discovery of meteorites on Earth that originated on Mars has allowed laboratory examination of the chemical conditions on the planet.".
- History_of_Mars_observation thumbnail Trouvelot_-_The_planet_Mars_-_1877.jpg?width=300.
- History_of_Mars_observation wikiPageExternalLink mystique.
- History_of_Mars_observation wikiPageExternalLink dsnyder.7.html.
- History_of_Mars_observation wikiPageID "25998318".
- History_of_Mars_observation wikiPageRevisionID "606666148".
- History_of_Mars_observation align "right".
- History_of_Mars_observation alt "A cylindrical projection map of mars showing light and dark regions accompanied by various linear features. The major features are labelled.".
- History_of_Mars_observation alt "A rectangular grid overlays meandering patterns of light and dark. Selected regions are labelled with names.".
- History_of_Mars_observation alt "A shaded drawing of Martian albedo features is shown in a horizontal sequence of sinusoidal projections. The map is marked up with named features.".
- History_of_Mars_observation alt "Two disks show darker patches connected by linear features.".
- History_of_Mars_observation caption "1892".
- History_of_Mars_observation caption "A later version of Proctor's map of Mars, published in 1905".
- History_of_Mars_observation caption "Map of Mars by Giovanni Schiaparelli, compiled between 1877 and 1886, showing canali features as fine lines".
- History_of_Mars_observation caption "Mars sketched as observed by Lowell sometime before 1914.".
- History_of_Mars_observation colwidth "30".
- History_of_Mars_observation direction "vertical".
- History_of_Mars_observation hasPhotoCollection History_of_Mars_observation.
- History_of_Mars_observation image "Giovanni map mars.jpg".
- History_of_Mars_observation image "Lowell Mars channels.jpg".
- History_of_Mars_observation image "Niesten Mars globe segments.jpg".
- History_of_Mars_observation image "Proctor Mars Map.jpg".
- History_of_Mars_observation width "200".
- History_of_Mars_observation width "225".
- History_of_Mars_observation subject Category:History_of_astronomy.
- History_of_Mars_observation subject Category:Mars.
- History_of_Mars_observation comment "The recorded history of Mars observation dates back to the era of the ancient Egyptian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BCE. Chinese records about the motions of Mars appeared before the founding of the Zhou Dynasty (1045 BCE). Detailed observations of the position of Mars were made by Babylonian astronomers who developed arithmetic techniques to predict the future position of the planet.".
- History_of_Mars_observation label "Histoire de l'observation de Mars".
- History_of_Mars_observation label "History of Mars observation".
- History_of_Mars_observation label "تاريخ رصد المريخ".
- History_of_Mars_observation sameAs Histoire_de_l'observation_de_Mars.
- History_of_Mars_observation sameAs Q4204270.
- History_of_Mars_observation sameAs Q4204270.
- History_of_Mars_observation wasDerivedFrom History_of_Mars_observation?oldid=606666148.
- History_of_Mars_observation depiction Trouvelot_-_The_planet_Mars_-_1877.jpg.
- History_of_Mars_observation isPrimaryTopicOf History_of_Mars_observation.