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- Hofmeister_series abstract "The Hofmeister series or lyotropic series is a classification of ions in order of their ability to salt out or salt in proteins. The effects of these changes were first worked out by Franz Hofmeister, who studied the effects of cations and anions on the solubility of proteins.Hofmeister discovered a series of salts that have consistent effects on the solubility of proteins and (it was discovered later) on the stability of their secondary and tertiary structure. Anions appear to have a larger effect than cations, and are usually ordered(This is a partial listing; many more salts have been studied.)The order of cations is usually given asThe mechanism of the Hofmeister series is not entirely clear, but does not seem to result from changes in general water structure, instead more specific interactions between ions and proteins and ions and the water molecules directly contacting the proteins may be more important.Early members of the series increase solvent surface tension and decrease the solubility of nonpolar molecules ("salting out"); in effect, they strengthen the hydrophobic interaction. By contrast, later salts in the series increase the solubility of nonpolar molecules ("salting in") and decrease the order in water; in effect, they weaken the hydrophobic effect. The salting out effect is commonly exploited in protein purification through the use of ammonium sulfate precipitation.However, these salts also interact directly with proteins (which are charged and have strong dipole moments) and may even bind specifically (e.g., phosphate and sulfate binding to ribonuclease A). Ions that have a strong 'salting in' effect such as I- and SCN- are strong denaturants, because they salt in the peptide group, and thus interact much more strongly with the unfolded form of a protein than with its native form. Consequently, they shift the chemical equilibrium of the unfolding reaction towards unfolded protein.".
- Hofmeister_series wikiPageExternalLink pg46.
- Hofmeister_series wikiPageID "5265621".
- Hofmeister_series wikiPageRevisionID "541680190".
- Hofmeister_series hasPhotoCollection Hofmeister_series.
- Hofmeister_series subject Category:Laboratory_techniques.
- Hofmeister_series subject Category:Physical_chemistry.
- Hofmeister_series subject Category:Solutions.
- Hofmeister_series type Ability105616246.
- Hofmeister_series type Abstraction100002137.
- Hofmeister_series type Cognition100023271.
- Hofmeister_series type Know-how105616786.
- Hofmeister_series type LaboratoryTechniques.
- Hofmeister_series type Matter100020827.
- Hofmeister_series type Method105660268.
- Hofmeister_series type Mixture114586258.
- Hofmeister_series type Part113809207.
- Hofmeister_series type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Hofmeister_series type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Hofmeister_series type Relation100031921.
- Hofmeister_series type Solution114589223.
- Hofmeister_series type Solutions.
- Hofmeister_series type Substance100019613.
- Hofmeister_series type Technique105665146.
- Hofmeister_series comment "The Hofmeister series or lyotropic series is a classification of ions in order of their ability to salt out or salt in proteins. The effects of these changes were first worked out by Franz Hofmeister, who studied the effects of cations and anions on the solubility of proteins.Hofmeister discovered a series of salts that have consistent effects on the solubility of proteins and (it was discovered later) on the stability of their secondary and tertiary structure.".
- Hofmeister_series label "Hofmeister series".
- Hofmeister_series label "Hofmeister-Reihe".
- Hofmeister_series label "Hofmeister-reeks".
- Hofmeister_series label "ホフマイスターシリーズ".
- Hofmeister_series sameAs Hofmeister-Reihe.
- Hofmeister_series sameAs ホフマイスターシリーズ.
- Hofmeister_series sameAs Hofmeister-reeks.
- Hofmeister_series sameAs m.03bxhq1.
- Hofmeister_series sameAs Q410693.
- Hofmeister_series sameAs Q410693.
- Hofmeister_series sameAs Hofmeister_series.
- Hofmeister_series wasDerivedFrom Hofmeister_series?oldid=541680190.
- Hofmeister_series isPrimaryTopicOf Hofmeister_series.