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- Human_genetic_variation abstract "Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, biochemically all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical. Even monozygotic twins, who develop from one zygote, have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy number variation. Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. Alleles occur at different frequencies in different human populations, with populations that are more geographically and ancestrally remote tending to differ more.Causes of differences between individuals include the exchange of genes during meiosis and various mutational events. There are at least two reasons why genetic variation exists between populations. Natural selection may confer an adaptive advantage to individuals in a specific environment if an allele provides a competitive advantage. Alleles under selection are likely to occur only in those geographic regions where they confer an advantage. The second main cause of genetic variation is due to the high degree of neutrality of most mutations. Most mutations do not appear to have any selective effect one way or the other on the organism. The main cause is genetic drift, this is the effect of random changes in the gene pool. In humans, founder effect and past small population size (increasing the likelihood of genetic drift) may have had an important influence in neutral differences between populations. The theory that humans recently migrated out of Africa supports this.The study of human genetic variation has both evolutionary significance and medical applications. It can help scientists understand ancient human population migrations as well as how different human groups are biologically related to one another. For medicine, study of human genetic variation may be important because some disease-causing alleles occur more often in people from specific geographic regions. New findings show that each human has on average 60 new mutations compared to their parents.Apart from mutations, many genes that may have aided humans in ancient times plague humans today. For example, it is suspected that genes that allow humans to more efficiently process food are those that make people susceptible to obesity and diabetes today.".
- Human_genetic_variation thumbnail Karyotype.png?width=300.
- Human_genetic_variation wikiPageExternalLink Jorde_1998.pdf.
- Human_genetic_variation wikiPageExternalLink www.hgvs.org.
- Human_genetic_variation wikiPageExternalLink 1842.
- Human_genetic_variation wikiPageExternalLink bamshad_race04.zip.
- Human_genetic_variation wikiPageID "4816754".
- Human_genetic_variation wikiPageRevisionID "601573332".
- Human_genetic_variation hasPhotoCollection Human_genetic_variation.
- Human_genetic_variation subject Category:Biological_anthropology.
- Human_genetic_variation subject Category:Human_genetics.
- Human_genetic_variation subject Category:Population_genetics.
- Human_genetic_variation type Abstraction100002137.
- Human_genetic_variation type Act100030358.
- Human_genetic_variation type Controversy107183151.
- Human_genetic_variation type Disagreement107180787.
- Human_genetic_variation type Dispute107181935.
- Human_genetic_variation type Event100029378.
- Human_genetic_variation type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Human_genetic_variation type ScientificControversies.
- Human_genetic_variation type SpeechAct107160883.
- Human_genetic_variation type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Human_genetic_variation comment "Human genetic variation is the genetic differences both within and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (genes), leading to polymorphism. Many genes are not polymorphic, meaning that only a single allele is present in the population: the gene is then said to be fixed. On average, biochemically all humans are 99.9% similar to any other humans.No two humans are genetically identical.".
- Human_genetic_variation label "Genetische Variation (Mensch)".
- Human_genetic_variation label "Human genetic variation".
- Human_genetic_variation sameAs Genetische_Variation_(Mensch).
- Human_genetic_variation sameAs m.0cpg_3.
- Human_genetic_variation sameAs Q1502105.
- Human_genetic_variation sameAs Q1502105.
- Human_genetic_variation sameAs Human_genetic_variation.
- Human_genetic_variation wasDerivedFrom Human_genetic_variation?oldid=601573332.
- Human_genetic_variation depiction Karyotype.png.
- Human_genetic_variation isPrimaryTopicOf Human_genetic_variation.