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- IMRAD abstract "The IMRAD (/ˈɪmræd/) structure is the most prominent norm for the structure of a scientific journal article of the original research type. IMRAD is an acronym for introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Original research articles are typically structured in this basic order:Introduction - Why was the study undertaken? What was the research question, the tested hypothesis or the purpose of the research?Methods - When, where, and how was the study done? What materials were used or who was included in the study groups (patients, etc.)?Results - What answer was found to the research question; what did the study find? Was the tested hypothesis true?andDiscussion - What might the answer imply and why does it matter? How does it fit in with what other researchers have found? What are the perspectives for future research?Besides original-research articles, other major types of article include literature reviews, case reports, case series, and meta-analyses, which usually use non-IMRAD structures.The IMRAD format has been adopted by a steadily increasing number of academic journals since the first half of the 20th century. The IMRAD structure has come to dominate academic writing in the sciences, most notably in empirical biomedicine. The structure of most public health journal articles reflects this trend. Although the IMRAD structure originates in the empirical sciences, it now also regularly appears in academic journals across a wide range of disciplines. Many scientific journals now not only prefer this structure but also use the IMRaD acronym as an instructional device in the instructions to their authors, recommending the use of the four terms as main headings. For example, it is explicitly recommended in the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" issued by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (previously called the Vancouver guidelines): The text of observational and experimental articles is usually (but not necessarily) divided into the following sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This so-called “IMRAD” structure is not an arbitrary publication format but rather a direct reflection of the process of scientific discovery. Long articles may need subheadings within some sections (especially Results and Discussion) to clarify their content. Other types of articles, such as case reports, reviews, and editorials, probably need to be formatted differently.The IMRAD structure is also recommended for empirical studies in the 6th edition of the publication manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style). The APA publication manual is widely used by journals in the social, educational and behavioral sciences.".
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- IMRAD subject Category:Medical_research.
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- IMRAD comment "The IMRAD (/ˈɪmræd/) structure is the most prominent norm for the structure of a scientific journal article of the original research type. IMRAD is an acronym for introduction, methods, results, and discussion.".
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