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• Imperial_examination abstract "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best potential candidates to serve as administrative officials for the purpose of recruiting them for the state's bureaucracy. The major purpose of the tests was to evaluate the educational attainment and merit of the examinees as part of the recruiting process for appointees to various government offices, mostly in civil service. Examination officials awarded successful candidates with various degrees, of which the Jinshi or Chin-shih (進士/进士) was the standard advanced degree, similar to a modern doctorate, which was generally the last stage in a series of qualifying tests, of which the local exams might lead to local prestige and a lucrative appointment, but were not really "imperial". The emperor himself (or herself) often took a personal interest in the best qualified examinees.Generally the award of jinshi was directly followed by appointment to a high-ranking position in the imperial government service. Successful candidates in a given testing session were generally ranked in order by score, with those placing first, or second, and so on (with ties possible) receiving the better appointments. Specific additional titles might be awarded along with the basic degree. Based on a well-articulated Confucian philosophical theory of testing and selecting candidates for merit (and to some extent, virtue), this system had a huge influence on both society and culture in Imperial China, at various times; for example, the use of the testing system was in part responsible for Tang dynasty-era power balance changes, including particularly in regard to the interim reign of the "female emperor" Wu Zetian. Although the examination system never became the only path to a government career, during the Song dynasty it came to be especially regarded as a standard career path.The examination system involved changes to the socio-political structure of China which shaped social structures in ways often lasting beyond the chronological limits of the particular dynasties; for example, one tendency of the examination system was towards placing persons into power by drawing from an increasingly diverse population pool. From a system which had recruited primarily from a relatively few aristocratic families, careers became available to a more diffuse and populous class of a growing class of rural-dwelling, landowning scholar-bureaucrats, incorporating an increasing number of clans. The influence of the Chinese examination system soon spread to neighboring Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Korea, Japan and Ryūkyū, which implemented similar systems, allowing them to both tap their top national talent and to maintain a tight grip on that talent's time, resources, and ideological goals, and furthermore generally to encourage literacy and education. And, later, the influence of the Chinese examination system spread to Europe and the United States of America. The operations of the examination system were part of the imperial record keeping system, and the date of receiving the jinshi degree is often a key biographical datum: sometimes the date of achieving jinshi is the only firm date known for even some of the most historically prominent persons in Chinese history.".
• Imperial_examination thumbnail Civilserviceexam1.jpg?width=300.
• Imperial_examination wikiPageExternalLink 4838.
• Imperial_examination wikiPageExternalLink pratiquedesexam00zigoog.
• Imperial_examination wikiPageID "244479".
• Imperial_examination wikiPageRevisionID "606722455".
• Imperial_examination hangul "과거".
• Imperial_examination hanja "科擧".
• Imperial_examination hasPhotoCollection Imperial_examination.
• Imperial_examination hiragana "かきょ".
• Imperial_examination hn "科榜".
• Imperial_examination hn "科舉".
• Imperial_examination kyujitai "科擧".
• Imperial_examination mr "kwagŏ".
• Imperial_examination p "Kējǔ".
• Imperial_examination pic "Civilserviceexam1.jpg".
• Imperial_examination qn "khoa bảng".
• Imperial_examination qn "khoa cử".
• Imperial_examination romaji "kakyo".
• Imperial_examination rr "gwageo".
• Imperial_examination s "科举".
• Imperial_examination shinjitai "科挙".
• Imperial_examination t "科舉".
• Imperial_examination w "K'o1-chü3".
• Imperial_examination y "fō géui".
• Imperial_examination subject Category:Chinese_culture.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:Civil_services.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:Confucianism.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:East_Asian_culture.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:Education_in_China.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:History_of_Imperial_China.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:History_of_education_in_China.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:Public_administration.
• Imperial_examination subject Category:World_Digital_Library_related.
• Imperial_examination type Abstraction100002137.
• Imperial_examination type Administration108164585.
• Imperial_examination type Body107965085.
• Imperial_examination type CivilService108357258.
• Imperial_examination type CivilServices.
• Imperial_examination type GovernmentOfficials108357784.
• Imperial_examination type Group100031264.
• Imperial_examination type SocialGroup107950920.
• Imperial_examination comment "The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best potential candidates to serve as administrative officials for the purpose of recruiting them for the state's bureaucracy. The major purpose of the tests was to evaluate the educational attainment and merit of the examinees as part of the recruiting process for appointees to various government offices, mostly in civil service.".
• Imperial_examination label "Chinees examenstelsel".
• Imperial_examination label "Chinesische Beamtenprüfung während der Qing-Dynastie".
• Imperial_examination label "Egzaminy urzędnicze w Chinach".
• Imperial_examination label "Esami imperiali".
• Imperial_examination label "Examens impériaux".
• Imperial_examination label "Exames imperiais".
• Imperial_examination label "Imperial examination".
• Imperial_examination label "Sistema de examen imperial chino".
• Imperial_examination label "Кэцзюй".
• Imperial_examination label "科举".
• Imperial_examination label "科挙".
• Imperial_examination sameAs Úřednické_zkoušky_v_Číně.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Chinesische_Beamtenprüfung_während_der_Qing-Dynastie.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Σύστημα_εξετάσεων_στην_Αυτοκρατορική_Κίνα.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Sistema_de_examen_imperial_chino.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Examens_impériaux.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Esami_imperiali.
• Imperial_examination sameAs 科挙.
• Imperial_examination sameAs 과거_제도.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Chinees_examenstelsel.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Egzaminy_urzędnicze_w_Chinach.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Exames_imperiais.
• Imperial_examination sameAs m.01kdx_.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Q7408.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Q7408.
• Imperial_examination sameAs Imperial_examination.
• Imperial_examination wasDerivedFrom Imperial_examination?oldid=606722455.
• Imperial_examination depiction Civilserviceexam1.jpg.
• Imperial_examination isPrimaryTopicOf Imperial_examination.