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- Inductive_effect abstract "In chemistry and physics, the 'Inductive Effect' is an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule.The permanent dipole induced in one bond by another is called inductive effect.The electron cloud in a σ-bond between two unlike atoms is not uniform and is slightly displaced towards the more electronegative of the two atoms. This causes a permanent state of bond polarization, where the more electronegative atom has a slight negative charge (δ–) and the other atom has a slight positive charge (δ+). If the electronegative atom is then joined to a chain of atoms, usually carbon, the positive charge is relayed to the other atoms in the chain. This is the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, also known as the effect.Some groups, such as the alkyl group are less electron-withdrawing than hydrogen and are therefore considered as electron-releasing. This is electron releasing character and is indicated by the effect. In short, alkyl groups tend to give electrons, leading to induction effect.As the induced change in polarity is less than the original polarity, the inductive effect rapidly dies out. Therefore, the effect is significant only over a short distance. The inductive effect is permanent but feeble, as it involves the shift of strongly held σ-bond electrons, and other stronger factors may overshadow this effect. Relative inductive effects have been experimentally measured with reference to hydrogen:(Decreasing order of - I effect or increasing order of + I effect)—NH3+ > —NO2 > —SO2R > -CN > -SO3H > -CHO > CO > —COOH > -COCl> -CONH2 > —F > —Cl > —Br > —I > —OH > —OR > -NH2 > —C6H5 > —CH=CH2 > —HAlso the inductive effect is dependent on the distance between the substituent group and the main group that react. That is, as the distance of the substituent group increases the Inductive effect weakens or decreases.Inductive effects can be measured through the Hammett equation.The inductive effect can also be used to determine the stability of a molecule depending on the charge present on the atom and the groups bonded to it. For example, if an atom has a positive charge and is attached to a −I group its charge becomes 'amplified' and the molecule becomes more unstable. Similarly, if an atom has a negative charge and is attached to a +I group its charge becomes 'amplified' and the molecule becomes more unstable. But, contrary to the above two cases, if an atom has a negative charge and is attached to a −I group its charge becomes 'de-amplified' and the molecule becomes more stable than if I-effect was not taken into consideration. Similarly, if an atom has a positive charge and is attached to a +I group its charge becomes 'de-amplified' and the molecule becomes more stable than if I-effect was not taken into consideration. The explanation for the above is given by the fact that more charge on an atom decreases stability and less charge on an atom increases stability.The inductive effect also plays a vital role in deciding the acidity and basicity of a molecule. Groups having +I effect attached to a molecule increases the overall electron density on the molecule and the molecule is able to donate electrons, making it basic. Similarly groups having -I effect attached to a molecule decreases the overall electron density on the molecule making it electron deficient which results in its acidity. As the number of -I groups attached to a molecule increases, its acidity increases; as the number of +I groups on a molecule increases, its basicity increases.".
- Inductive_effect wikiPageID "2923964".
- Inductive_effect wikiPageRevisionID "603865894".
- Inductive_effect date "July 2012".
- Inductive_effect hasPhotoCollection Inductive_effect.
- Inductive_effect reason ""Prose is incoherent, probably needs an expert"".
- Inductive_effect subject Category:Chemical_bonding.
- Inductive_effect subject Category:Physical_organic_chemistry.
- Inductive_effect comment "In chemistry and physics, the 'Inductive Effect' is an experimentally observable effect of the transmission of charge through a chain of atoms in a molecule.The permanent dipole induced in one bond by another is called inductive effect.The electron cloud in a σ-bond between two unlike atoms is not uniform and is slightly displaced towards the more electronegative of the two atoms.".
- Inductive_effect label "Efecto inductivo".
- Inductive_effect label "Efeito indutivo".
- Inductive_effect label "Efekt indukcyjny".
- Inductive_effect label "Effet inductif".
- Inductive_effect label "Effetto induttivo".
- Inductive_effect label "Inductieve stabilisatie".
- Inductive_effect label "Inductive effect".
- Inductive_effect label "Induktiver Effekt".
- Inductive_effect label "Индуктивный эффект".
- Inductive_effect label "تأثير حثي".
- Inductive_effect label "诱导效应".
- Inductive_effect sameAs Indukční_efekt.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Induktiver_Effekt.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Efecto_inductivo.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Effet_inductif.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Effetto_induttivo.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Inductieve_stabilisatie.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Efekt_indukcyjny.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Efeito_indutivo.
- Inductive_effect sameAs m.08cyd0.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Q898645.
- Inductive_effect sameAs Q898645.
- Inductive_effect wasDerivedFrom Inductive_effect?oldid=603865894.
- Inductive_effect isPrimaryTopicOf Inductive_effect.