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- Invariant_mass abstract "The invariant mass, rest mass, intrinsic mass, proper mass, or (in the case of bound systems or objects observed in their center of momentum frame) simply mass, is a characteristic of the total energy and momentum of an object or a system of objects that is the same in all frames of reference related by Lorentz transformations. If a center of momentum frame exists for the system, then the invariant mass of a system is simply the total energy divided by the speed of light squared. In other reference frames, the energy of the system increases, but system momentum is subtracted from this, so that the invariant mass remains unchanged.Systems whose four-momentum is a null vector (for example a single photon or many photons moving in exactly the same direction) have zero invariant mass, and are referred to as massless. A physical object or particle moving faster than the speed of light would have space-like four-momenta (such as the hypothesized tachyon), and these do not appear to exist. Any time-like four-momentum possesses a reference frame where the momentum (3-dimensional) is zero, which is a center of momentum frame. In this case, invariant mass is positive and is referred to as the rest mass.If objects within a system are in relative motion, then the invariant mass of the whole system will differ from the sum of the objects' rest masses. This also equals to the total energy of the system divided by c2. See mass–energy equivalence for a discussion of definitions of mass. Since the mass of systems must be measured with a weight or mass scale in a center of momentum frame in which the entire system has zero momentum, such a scale always measures the system's invariant mass. For example, a scale would measure the kinetic energy of the molecules in a bottle of gas to be part of invariant mass of the bottle, and thus also its rest mass. The same is true for massless particles in such system, which add invariant mass and also rest mass to systems, according to their energy. For an isolated massive system, the center of mass of the system moves in a straight line with a steady sub-luminal velocity (with a velocity depending on the reference frame used to view it). Thus, an observer can always be placed to move along with it. In this frame, which is the center of momentum frame, the total momentum is zero, and the system as a whole may be thought of as being "at rest" if it is a bound system (like a bottle of gas). In this frame, which always exists, the invariant mass of the system is equal to the total system energy (in the zero-momentum frame) divided by c2. This total energy in the center of momentum frame, is the minimum energy which the system may be observed to have, when seen by various observers from various inertial frames.Note that for reasons above, such a rest frame does not exist for single photons, or rays of light moving in one direction. When two or more photons move in different directions, however, a center of mass frame (or "rest frame" if the system is bound) exists. Thus, the mass of a system of several photons moving in different directions is positive, which means that an invariant mass exists for this system even though it does not exist for each photon.".
- Invariant_mass thumbnail Rest_mass_0_and_1.svg?width=300.
- Invariant_mass wikiPageID "162321".
- Invariant_mass wikiPageRevisionID "600709183".
- Invariant_mass hasPhotoCollection Invariant_mass.
- Invariant_mass subject Category:Concepts_in_physics.
- Invariant_mass subject Category:Energy_(physics).
- Invariant_mass subject Category:Mass.
- Invariant_mass subject Category:Theory_of_relativity.
- Invariant_mass type Abstraction100002137.
- Invariant_mass type Cognition100023271.
- Invariant_mass type Concept105835747.
- Invariant_mass type Content105809192.
- Invariant_mass type FundamentalPhysicsConcepts.
- Invariant_mass type Idea105833840.
- Invariant_mass type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Invariant_mass comment "The invariant mass, rest mass, intrinsic mass, proper mass, or (in the case of bound systems or objects observed in their center of momentum frame) simply mass, is a characteristic of the total energy and momentum of an object or a system of objects that is the same in all frames of reference related by Lorentz transformations. If a center of momentum frame exists for the system, then the invariant mass of a system is simply the total energy divided by the speed of light squared.".
- Invariant_mass label "Invariant mass".
- Invariant_mass label "Masa spoczynkowa".
- Invariant_mass label "Massa a riposo".
- Invariant_mass label "Masse au repos".
- Invariant_mass label "Rustmassa".
- Invariant_mass label "كتلة ساكنة".
- Invariant_mass label "不变质量".
- Invariant_mass label "不変質量".
- Invariant_mass sameAs Klidová_hmotnost.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Masse_au_repos.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Energi_diam.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Massa_a_riposo.
- Invariant_mass sameAs 不変質量.
- Invariant_mass sameAs 불변_질량.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Rustmassa.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Masa_spoczynkowa.
- Invariant_mass sameAs m.015kbx.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Q1097654.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Q1097654.
- Invariant_mass sameAs Invariant_mass.
- Invariant_mass wasDerivedFrom Invariant_mass?oldid=600709183.
- Invariant_mass depiction Rest_mass_0_and_1.svg.
- Invariant_mass isPrimaryTopicOf Invariant_mass.
