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• Iranian_Revolution abstract "The Iranian Revolution (also known as the National Revolution of Iran or the 1979 Revolution; Persian:, Enqelābe Eslāmi or Enqelāb 22 Bahman) refers to events involving the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who was supported by the United States, and its eventual replacement with an Islamic republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution, supported by various leftist and Islamic organizations and Iranian student movements. While the Soviet Union immediately recognized the new Islamic Republic, it did not actively support the revolution, initially making efforts to salvage the Shah's government.Demonstrations against the Shah commenced in October 1977, developing into a campaign of civil resistance that was religious based (with secular elements) and intensified in January 1978. Between August and December 1978 strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the country. The Shah left Iran for exile on January 16, 1979 as the last Persian monarch, leaving his duties to a regency council and an opposition based prime minister. The Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government, and returned to Tehran to a greeting by several million Iranians. The royal reign collapsed shortly after on February 11 when guerrillas and rebel troops overwhelmed troops loyal to the Shah in armed street fighting, and bringing Khomeini to official power. Iran voted by national referendum to become an Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979, and to approve a new theocratic-republican constitution whereby Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country, in December 1979.The revolution was unusual for the surprise it created throughout the world: it lacked many of the customary causes of revolution (defeat at war, a financial crisis, peasant rebellion, or disgruntled military), occurred in a nation that was enjoying relatively good material wealth and prosperity, produced profound change at great speed, was massively popular, resulted in the exile of many Iranians, and replaced a pro-Western absolute monarchy with an anti-Western authoritarian theocracy based on the concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists (or velayat-e faqih). It was a relatively non-violent revolution, and helped to redefine the meaning and practice of modern revolutions (although there was violence in its aftermath).Its outcome – an Islamic Republic "under the guidance of a religious scholar from Qom" – was, as one scholar put it, "clearly an occurrence that had to be explained".".
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• Iranian_Revolution after Islamic_republic.
• Iranian_Revolution before Pahlavi_dynasty.
• Iranian_Revolution caption "Protesters in Tehran, 1979".
• Iranian_Revolution casualties "532".
• Iranian_Revolution causes "* Discontent with the Shah's rule * Exile of Ayatollah Khomeini * Social injustice * and others".
• Iranian_Revolution date "January 1978 - February 1979".
• Iranian_Revolution goals "Overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty".
• Iranian_Revolution hasPhotoCollection Iranian_Revolution.
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Ali Neshat".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Gholam Ali Oveisi".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Jafar Sharif-Emami".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Jamshid Amouzegar".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Karim Sanjabi".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Mahmoud Taleghani".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Mansoor Hekmat".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Massoud Rajavi".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Mehdi Bazargan".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Mohammad Reza Pahlavi".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Nasser Moghadam".
• Iranian_Revolution leadfigures "Nematollah Nassiri".
• Iranian_Revolution methods "* Demonstrations * Strikes * Civil resistance".
• Iranian_Revolution place Iran.
• Iranian_Revolution result "*Overthrow of Mohamad Rezā Shah Pahlavi *Establishment of the National Republic of Iran headed by Velayat-e-Faqih *Iran–Iraq War".
• Iranian_Revolution side "23".
• Iranian_Revolution side "Arab Nationalists".
• Iranian_Revolution side "Baloch Nationalists".
• Iranian_Revolution side "FMI".
• Iranian_Revolution side "Fedai *Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority) *Fedaian Organisation (Minority) *Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas Union of Communist Militants".
• Iranian_Revolution side "Imperial State of Iran *Rastakhiz Party *Imperial Iranian Army **Imperial Guard *SAVAK *Iranian Police *Royalist supporters".
• Iranian_Revolution side "Kurdish Nationalists".
• Iranian_Revolution side "MEK".
• Iranian_Revolution side "National Democratic Front".
• Iranian_Revolution side "National Revolution Committees".
• Iranian_Revolution side "Revolutionary Council".
• Iranian_Revolution side "Tudeh party".
• Iranian_Revolution title ""Enqelābe Esteqlāl wa zādi"".
• Iranian_Revolution title "Iranian Revolution".
• Iranian_Revolution title "Islamic Revolution".
• Iranian_Revolution years "1963".
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:1979_in_Iran.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:20th-century_revolutions.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:History_of_Islam.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:History_of_civil_rights_and_liberties_in_Iran.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:Iranian_Revolution.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:Iranian_civil_wars.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:Protests.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:Protests_in_Iran.
• Iranian_Revolution subject Category:Rebellions_in_Iran.
• Iranian_Revolution type 20th-centuryRevolutions.
• Iranian_Revolution type Abstraction100002137.
• Iranian_Revolution type Act100030358.
• Iranian_Revolution type Change107296428.
• Iranian_Revolution type Event100029378.
• Iranian_Revolution type Happening107283608.
• Iranian_Revolution type NonviolentRevolutions.
• Iranian_Revolution type Objection107208338.
• Iranian_Revolution type Protest107210225.
• Iranian_Revolution type Protests.
• Iranian_Revolution type PsychologicalFeature100023100.

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