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• Iraq_War abstract "The Iraq War was an armed conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases. The first was an invasion of Iraq starting on 20 March 2003 by an invasion force led by the United States. It was followed by a longer phase of fighting, in which an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the newly formed Iraqi government. The US completed its withdrawal of military personnel in December 2011. However, the insurgency is ongoing and continues to cause thousands of fatalities.Prior to the war, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom claimed that Iraq's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) posed a threat to their security and that of their coalition/regional allies. In 2002, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1441 which called for Iraq to completely cooperate with UN weapon inspectors to verify that Iraq was not in possession of WMD and cruise missiles. Prior to the attack, the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) found no evidence of WMD, but could not yet verify the accuracy of Iraq's declarations regarding what weapons it possessed, as their work was still unfinished. The leader of the inspectors, Hans Blix, estimated the time remaining for disarmament being verified through inspections to be "months".After investigation following the invasion, the US‑led Iraq Survey Group concluded that Iraq had ended its nuclear, chemical and biological programs in 1991 and had no active programs at the time of the invasion, but that they intended to resume production if the Iraq sanctions were lifted. Only degraded remnants of misplaced and abandoned chemical weapons were found. Paul R. Pillar, the CIA official who coordinated US intelligence on the Middle East from 2000 to 2005, said "If prewar intelligence assessments had said the same things as the Duelfer report, the administration would have had to change a few lines in its rhetoric and maybe would have lost a few member's votes in Congress, but otherwise the sales campaign—which was much more about Saddam's intentions and what he "could" do than about extant weapons systems—would have been unchanged. The administration still would have gotten its war." Even Dick Cheney later cited the actual Duelfer report as support for the administration's pro-war case. George J. Tenet, the former director of central intelligence, stated Vice President Dick Cheney and other Bush administration officials pushed the country to war in Iraq without ever conducting a "serious debate" about whether Saddam Hussein posed an imminent threat to the United States.Some US officials also accused Iraqi President Saddam Hussein of harboring and supporting al-Qaeda, but no evidence of a meaningful connection was ever found. Other stated reasons for the invasion included Iraq's financial support for the families of Palestinian suicide bombers, Iraqi government human rights abuses, and an effort to spread democracy to the country.On 16 March 2003, the US government advised the UN inspectors to leave their unfinished work and exit from Iraq. On 20 March the American-led coalition conducted a surprise military invasion of Iraq without declaring war. The invasion led to an occupation and the eventual capture of President Hussein, who was later tried in an Iraqi court of law and executed by the new Iraqi government. Violence against coalition forces and among various sectarian groups soon led to the Iraqi insurgency, strife between many Sunni and Shia Iraqi groups, and the emergence of a new faction of Al-Qaeda in Iraq.In June 2008, US Department of Defense officials claimed security and economic indicators began to show signs of improvement in what they hailed as significant and fragile gains. Iraq was fifth on the 2008 Failed States Index, and sixth on the 2009 list. As public opinion favoring troop withdrawals increased and as Iraqi forces began to take responsibility for security, member nations of the Coalition withdrew their forces. In late 2008, the US and Iraqi governments approved a Status of Forces Agreement effective through 1 January 2012. The Iraqi Parliament also ratified a Strategic Framework Agreement with the US, aimed at ensuring cooperation in constitutional rights, threat deterrence, education, energy development, and other areas.In late February 2009, newly elected US President Barack Obama announced an 18-month withdrawal window for combat forces, with approximately 50,000 troops remaining in the country "to advise and train Iraqi security forces and to provide intelligence and surveillance". UK forces ended combat operations on 30 April 2009. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al‑Maliki said he supported the accelerated pullout of US forces. In a speech at the Oval Office on 31 August 2010 Obama declared "the American combat mission in Iraq has ended. Operation Iraqi Freedom is over, and the Iraqi people now have lead responsibility for the security of their country." Beginning 1 September 2010, the American operational name for its involvement in Iraq changed from "Operation Iraqi Freedom" to "Operation New Dawn". The remaining 50,000 US troops were designated as "advise and assist brigades" assigned to non-combat operations while retaining the ability to revert to combat operations as necessary. Two combat aviation brigades also remain in Iraq. In September 2010, the Associated Press issued an internal memo reminding its reporters that "combat in Iraq is not over", and "U.S. troops remain involved in combat operations alongside Iraqi forces, although U.S. officials say the American combat mission has formally ended".On 21 October 2011, President Obama announced that all US troops and trainers would leave Iraq by the end of the year, bringing the US mission in Iraq to an end. On 15 December 2011, US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta officially declared the Iraq War over, at a flag lowering ceremony in Baghdad. The last US troops left Iraqi territory on 18 December 2011 at 4:27 UTC. A total of 4,486 US soldiers were killed in Iraq between 2003 and 2012.Since the US military's withdrawal, significant violence has continued in Iraq. The Shia-dominated administration of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki moved to arrest important Sunni political leaders prior to and following the US withdrawal, and Sunni militant groups stepped up attacks targeting the country's majority Shia population, undermining confidence in the Shia-led government.".
• Iraq_War causalties "Awakening Councils".
• Iraq_War causalties "Coalition forces".
• Iraq_War causalties "Contractors".
• Iraq_War causalties "Injured/diseased/other medical*: 51,139 (47,541 US, 3,598 UK)".
• Iraq_War causalties "Iraqi Security Forces (post-Saddam)".
• Iraq_War causalties "Killed: 1,002+".
• Iraq_War causalties "Killed: 1,554".
• Iraq_War causalties "Killed: 17,690".
• Iraq_War causalties "Killed: 4,805 (4,487 US, 179 UK, 139 other)".
• Iraq_War causalties "Missing/captured (US): 8 (all rescued)".
• Iraq_War causalties "Total dead: 25,286".
• Iraq_War causalties "Total wounded: 117,961".
• Iraq_War causalties "Wounded & injured: 43,880".
• Iraq_War causalties "Wounded: 32,753+ (32,226 US, 315 UK, 212+ other)".
• Iraq_War causalties "Wounded: 40,000+".
• Iraq_War causalties "Wounded: 500+ (2007), 828 (2008)".
• Iraq_War combatant "Ba'athist Iraq".
• Iraq_War combatant "Invasion phase (2003)".
• Iraq_War combatant "Peshmerga".
• Iraq_War commander Abu_Abdullah_al-Rashid_al-Baghdadi.
• Iraq_War commander Abu_Abdullah_al-Shafi'i.
• Iraq_War commander Abu_Ayyub_al-Masri.
• Iraq_War commander Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi.
• Iraq_War commander Abu_Deraa.
• Iraq_War commander Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi.
• Iraq_War commander Abu_Suleiman_al-Naser.
• Iraq_War commander Akihito.
• Iraq_War commander Akram_al-Kabi.
• Iraq_War commander Aleksander_Kwa%C5%9Bniewski.
• Iraq_War commander Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen.
• Iraq_War commander Ayad_Allawi.
• Iraq_War commander Barack_Obama.
• Iraq_War commander David_Cameron.
• Iraq_War commander David_Petraeus.
• Iraq_War commander George_W._Bush.
• Iraq_War commander George_W._Casey,_Jr..
• Iraq_War commander Gordon_Brown.
• Iraq_War commander Ibrahim_al-Jaafari.
• Iraq_War commander Ishmael_Jubouri.
• Iraq_War commander Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.
• Iraq_War commander John_Howard.
• Iraq_War commander Kevin_Rudd.
• Iraq_War commander Lars_L%C3%B8kke_Rasmussen.
• Iraq_War commander Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski.
• Iraq_War commander Leonid_Kuchma.
• Iraq_War commander Lloyd_Austin.
• Iraq_War commander Muqtada_al-Sadr.
• Iraq_War commander Nouri_al-Maliki.
• Iraq_War commander Oleksandr_Kuzmuk.
• Iraq_War commander Qais_Khazali.
• Iraq_War commander Qusay_Hussein.
• Iraq_War commander Raymond_T._Odierno.
• Iraq_War commander Ricardo_Sanchez.
• Iraq_War commander Roh_Moo-hyun.
• Iraq_War commander Romano_Prodi.
• Iraq_War commander S%C3%B8ren_Gade.
• Iraq_War commander Silvio_Berlusconi.
• Iraq_War commander Tommy_Franks.
• Iraq_War commander Tony_Blair.
• Iraq_War commander Uday_Hussein.
• Iraq_War commander Viktor_Yushchenko.
• Iraq_War commander Yevhen_Marchuk.
• Iraq_War date "2003-03-20".
• Iraq_War date "2011-12-15".
• Iraq_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict War_on_Terror.
• Iraq_War notes "* "injured, diseased, or other medical": required medical air transport. UK number includes "aeromed evacuations"".
• Iraq_War notes "** Total deaths include all additional deaths due to increased lawlessness, degraded infrastructure, poorer healthcare, etc.".
• Iraq_War place Iraq.
• Iraq_War result "* Defeat of Ba'ath Party government and execution of Saddam Hussein".
• Iraq_War result "* Establishment of democratic elections and formation of new government".
• Iraq_War result "* Insurgency, foreign terrorist operations, and sectarian violence".
• Iraq_War result "* Invasion and occupation of Iraq".
• Iraq_War result "* Resurgence of al-Qaeda in Iraq".
• Iraq_War result "* Rise of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal".
• Iraq_War result "* Subsequent depletion of Iraqi insurgency, improvements in public security".
• Iraq_War result "* US–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement".
• Iraq_War result "* Withdrawal of US forces from Iraq".
• Iraq_War strength "----".
• Iraq_War strength "112,000 at activation".
• Iraq_War strength "176,000 at peak".
• Iraq_War strength "805,269 (military and paramilitary: 578,269, police: 227,000)".
• Iraq_War strength "Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order".
• Iraq_War strength "Awakening militias".
• Iraq_War strength "Coalition forces (2004–2009)".
• Iraq_War strength "Invasion forces (2003–2004)".
• Iraq_War strength "Iraqi Army: 375,000 (disbanded in 2003)".
• Iraq_War strength "Iraqi Kurdistan".
• Iraq_War strength "Iraqi security forces".
• Iraq_War strength "Islamic State of Iraq".
• Iraq_War strength "Mahdi Army".
• Iraq_War strength "Security contractors 6,000–7,000 (estimate)".
• Iraq_War strength "Sunni Insurgents".
• Iraq_War strength "United States Forces – Iraq (2010–2011)".
• Iraq_War strength "al-Qaeda".
• Iraq_War strength "~1,000 (2008)".
• Iraq_War strength "~1,300 (2006)".
• Iraq_War strength "~103,000 (2008)".
• Iraq_War strength "~300,000".
• Iraq_War strength "~400,000 (Kurdish Border Guard: 30,000, Peshmerga 375,000)".

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