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• Jonas_Salk abstract "Jonas Edward Salk (October 28, 1914 – June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed the first successful inactivated polio vaccine. He was born in New York City to Jewish parents. Although they had little formal education, his parents were determined to see their children succeed. While attending New York University School of Medicine, Salk stood out from his peers, not just because of his academic prowess, but because he went into medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician.Until 1957, when the Salk vaccine was introduced, polio was considered the most frightening public health problem of the post-war United States. Annual epidemics were increasingly devastating. The 1952 epidemic was the worst outbreak in the nation's history. Of nearly 58,000 cases reported that year, 3,145 people died and 21,269 were left with mild to disabling paralysis, with most of its victims being children. The "public reaction was to a plague," said historian Bill O'Neal. "Citizens of urban areas were to be terrified every summer when this frightful visitor returned." According to a 2009 PBS documentary, "Apart from the atomic bomb, America's greatest fear was polio." As a result, scientists were in a frantic race to find a way to prevent or cure the disease. U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt was the world's most recognized victim of the disease and founded the organization, the March of Dimes Foundation, that would fund the development of a vaccine.In 1947, Salk accepted an appointment to the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In 1948, he undertook a project funded by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis to determine the number of different types of polio virus. Salk saw an opportunity to extend this project towards developing a vaccine against polio, and, together with the skilled research team he assembled, devoted himself to this work for the next seven years. The field trial set up to test the Salk vaccine was, according to O'Neill, "the most elaborate program of its kind in history, involving 20,000 physicians and public health officers, 64,000 school personnel, and 220,000 volunteers." Over 1,800,000 school children took part in the trial. When news of the vaccine's success was made public on April 12, 1955, Salk was hailed as a "miracle worker," and the day "almost became a national holiday." His sole focus had been to develop a safe and effective vaccine as rapidly as possible, with no interest in personal profit. When he was asked in a televised interview who owned the patent to the vaccine, Salk replied: "There is no patent. Could you patent the sun?"In 1960, he founded the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, which is today a center for medical and scientific research. He continued to conduct research and publish books, including Man Unfolding (1972), The Survival of the Wisest (1973), World Population and Human Values: A New Reality (1981), and Anatomy of Reality: Merging of Intuition and Reason (1983). Salk's last years were spent searching for a vaccine against HIV. His personal papers are stored at the University of California, San Diego Library.".
• Jonas_Salk almaMater City_College_of_New_York.
• Jonas_Salk almaMater New_York_University.
• Jonas_Salk almaMater University_of_Michigan.
• Jonas_Salk award Lasker_Award.
• Jonas_Salk birthDate "1914-10-28".
• Jonas_Salk birthName "Jonas Salk".
• Jonas_Salk birthPlace New_York_City.
• Jonas_Salk birthYear "1914".
• Jonas_Salk deathDate "1995-06-23".
• Jonas_Salk deathPlace California.
• Jonas_Salk deathPlace La_Jolla.
• Jonas_Salk deathYear "1995".
• Jonas_Salk doctoralAdvisor Thomas_Francis,_Jr..
• Jonas_Salk field Epidemiology.
• Jonas_Salk field Medical_research.
• Jonas_Salk field Virology.
• Jonas_Salk individualisedGnd "130653802".
• Jonas_Salk knownFor Polio_vaccine.
• Jonas_Salk residence California.
• Jonas_Salk residence La_Jolla.
• Jonas_Salk residence Pennsylvania.
• Jonas_Salk residence Pittsburgh.
• Jonas_Salk thumbnail Wisdom-cover2.png?width=300.
• Jonas_Salk viafId "7396814".
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink salk.html.
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• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink details-db.php?collection=open_mind&collectionid=openmind_ep1234.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink www.jonas-salk.org.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink www.jonassalklegacyfoundation.org.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink player.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink www.polio.pitt.edu.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink 482468.stm.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink jonassalk.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink www.salkschool.org.
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageExternalLink salk.html.
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• Jonas_Salk wikiPageID "25709692".
• Jonas_Salk wikiPageRevisionID "606416142".
• Jonas_Salk almaMater City_College_of_New_York.
• Jonas_Salk almaMater New_York_University.
• Jonas_Salk almaMater University_of_Michigan.
• Jonas_Salk birthDate "1914-10-28".
• Jonas_Salk birthName "Jonas Salk".
• Jonas_Salk birthPlace New_York_City.
• Jonas_Salk caption "Magazine photo by Yousuf Karsh, 1956".
• Jonas_Salk dateOfBirth "1914-10-28".
• Jonas_Salk dateOfDeath "1995-06-23".
• Jonas_Salk deathDate "1995-06-23".
• Jonas_Salk deathPlace California.
• Jonas_Salk deathPlace La_Jolla.
• Jonas_Salk deathPlace "United States".
• Jonas_Salk doctoralAdvisor Thomas_Francis,_Jr..
• Jonas_Salk field Medical_research.
• Jonas_Salk field "virology and epidemiology".
• Jonas_Salk gnd "130653802".
• Jonas_Salk hasPhotoCollection Jonas_Salk.
• Jonas_Salk id "openmind_ep1234".
• Jonas_Salk knownFor Polio_vaccine.
• Jonas_Salk name "Man Evolving".
• Jonas_Salk name "Salk, Jonas".
• Jonas_Salk nationality "American".
• Jonas_Salk placeOfBirth "New York City, New York, USA".
• Jonas_Salk placeOfDeath "La Jolla, California, USA".
• Jonas_Salk prizes Lasker_Award.
• Jonas_Salk residence California.
• Jonas_Salk residence La_Jolla.
• Jonas_Salk residence Pennsylvania.
• Jonas_Salk residence Pittsburgh.
• Jonas_Salk residence "New York, New York".
• Jonas_Salk shortDescription "Physician and epidemiologist".
• Jonas_Salk signature "Jonas Salk signature.svg".
• Jonas_Salk viaf "7396814".
• Jonas_Salk wordnet_type synset-scientist-noun-1.
• Jonas_Salk workInstitution Salk_Institute_for_Biological_Studies.
• Jonas_Salk workInstitution University_of_Michigan.
• Jonas_Salk workInstitution University_of_Pittsburgh.
• Jonas_Salk description "Physician and epidemiologist".
• Jonas_Salk description "Physician and epidemiologist".
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:1914_births.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:1995_deaths.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_Jews.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_biologists.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_humanists.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_inventors.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_medical_researchers.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_people_of_Russian-Jewish_descent.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_physicians.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:American_virologists.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:City_College_of_New_York_alumni.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:Congressional_Gold_Medal_recipients.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:Epidemiologists.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:Jewish_American_scientists.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:Jewish_inventors.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:New_York_University_School_of_Medicine_alumni.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:People_from_New_York_City.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:People_from_Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:People_from_San_Diego,_California.
• Jonas_Salk subject Category:People_in_public_health.

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