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- Kirkendall_effect abstract "The Kirkendall effect is the motion Boundary of layer between two metals that occurs as a consequence of the difference in diffusion rates of the metal atoms. The effect can be observed for example by placing insoluble markers at the interface between a pure metal and an alloy containing that metal, and heating to a temperature where atomic diffusion is possible; the boundary will move relative to the markers.This process was named after Ernest Kirkendall (1914–2005) assistant professor of chemical engineering at Wayne State University from 1941 to 1946. He discovered the effect in 1947.The Kirkendall effect has important practical consequences. One of these is the prevention or suppression of voids formed at the boundary interface in various kinds of alloy to metal bonding. These are referred to as Kirkendall voids.In 1972, C.W. Horsting of the RCA Corporation published a paper which reported test results on the reliability of semiconductor devices in which the connections were made using aluminium wires bonded ultrasonically to gold plated posts. His paper demonstrated the importance of the Kirkendall effect in wire bonding technology, but also showed the significant contribution of any impurities present to the rate at which precipitation occurred at the wire bonds. Two of the important contaminants that have this effect, known as Horsting effect (Horsting voids) are fluorine and chlorine. Both Kirkendall voids and Horsting voids are known causes of wire bond fractures, though historically this cause is often confused with the purple colored appearance of one of the five different gold-aluminium intermetallics, commonly referred to as "purple plague" and less often "white plague".".
- Kirkendall_effect wikiPageExternalLink fulltext.html.
- Kirkendall_effect wikiPageExternalLink interdiffusion.php.
- Kirkendall_effect wikiPageExternalLink 674.pdf.
- Kirkendall_effect wikiPageExternalLink 41222.pdf.
- Kirkendall_effect wikiPageID "42453".
- Kirkendall_effect wikiPageRevisionID "606756107".
- Kirkendall_effect hasPhotoCollection Kirkendall_effect.
- Kirkendall_effect subject Category:Metallurgy.
- Kirkendall_effect comment "The Kirkendall effect is the motion Boundary of layer between two metals that occurs as a consequence of the difference in diffusion rates of the metal atoms.".
- Kirkendall_effect label "Efeito Kirkendall".
- Kirkendall_effect label "Efekt Kirkendalla".
- Kirkendall_effect label "Kirkendall effect".
- Kirkendall_effect label "Kirkendall-Effekt".
- Kirkendall_effect label "科肯德尔效应".
- Kirkendall_effect sameAs Kirkendall-Effekt.
- Kirkendall_effect sameAs Efekt_Kirkendalla.
- Kirkendall_effect sameAs Efeito_Kirkendall.
- Kirkendall_effect sameAs m.0bn4j.
- Kirkendall_effect sameAs Q904229.
- Kirkendall_effect sameAs Q904229.
- Kirkendall_effect wasDerivedFrom Kirkendall_effect?oldid=606756107.
- Kirkendall_effect isPrimaryTopicOf Kirkendall_effect.