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• Lactococcus_lactis abstract "Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has recently also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease. L. lactis cells are cocci that group in pairs and short chains, and, depending on growth conditions, appear ovoid with typically 0.5 - 1.5 µm in length. L. lactis does not produce spores (nonsporulating) and are not motile (nonmotile). They have a homofermentative metabolism and have been reported to produce exclusive L-(+)-lactic acid. However, reported D-(−)-lactic acid can be produced when cultured at low pH. The capability to produce lactic acid is one of the reasons why L. lactis is one of the most important microorganisms in the dairy industry. Based on its history in food fermentation L. lactis has the GRAS status (Generally Regarded As Safe) with few case reports of being an opportunistic pathogen. L. lactis is of crucial importance for manufacturing dairy products, such as buttermilk and cheeses. When L. lactis ssp. lactis is added to milk, the bacterium uses enzymes to produce energy molecules (ATP), from lactose. The byproduct of ATP energy production is lactic acid. The lactic acid produced by the bacterium curdles the milk that then separates to form curds, which are used to produce cheese. Other uses that have been reported for this bacterium include the production of pickled vegetables, beer or wine, some breads, and other fermented foodstuffs, such as soymilk kefir, buttermilk, and others. L. lactis is one of the best characterized low GC Gram positive bacteria with detailed knowledge on genetics, metabolism and biodiversity.L. lactis is mainly isolated from either the dairy environment or plant material. Dairy isolates are suggested to have evolved from plant isolates through a process in which genes without benefit in the rich medium milk were either lost or down-regulated. This process, also called genome erosion or reductive evolution is also described in several other lactic acid bacteria. The proposed transition from the plant to the dairy environment was reproduced in the laboratory through experimental evolution of a plant isolate that was cultivated in milk for a prolonged period. Consistent with the results from comparative genomics (see references above) this resulted in L. lactis losing or down-regulating genes which are dispensable in milk and the up-regulation of peptide transport.".
• Lactococcus_lactis binomialAuthority Joseph_Lister,_1st_Baron_Lister.
• Lactococcus_lactis class Bacilli.
• Lactococcus_lactis colourName "lightgrey".
• Lactococcus_lactis domain Bacteria.
• Lactococcus_lactis family Streptococcaceae.
• Lactococcus_lactis genus Lactococcus.
• Lactococcus_lactis kingdom Bacteria.
• Lactococcus_lactis order Lactobacillales.
• Lactococcus_lactis phylum Firmicutes.
• Lactococcus_lactis thumbnail Lactococcus_lactis.jpg?width=300.
• Lactococcus_lactis wikiPageID "559011".
• Lactococcus_lactis wikiPageRevisionID "600403333".
• Lactococcus_lactis binomial "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis binomialAuthority "Schleifer et al. 1986".
• Lactococcus_lactis classis Bacilli.
• Lactococcus_lactis color "lightgrey".
• Lactococcus_lactis domain Bacteria.
• Lactococcus_lactis familia Streptococcaceae.
• Lactococcus_lactis genus "Lactococcus".
• Lactococcus_lactis hasPhotoCollection Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis imageWidth "250".
• Lactococcus_lactis name "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis ordo Lactobacillales.
• Lactococcus_lactis phylum Firmicutes.
• Lactococcus_lactis regnum Bacteria.
• Lactococcus_lactis species "L. lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis subdivision "''L. l. tructae".
• Lactococcus_lactis subdivision "L. l. cremoris".
• Lactococcus_lactis subdivision "L. l. hordniae".
• Lactococcus_lactis subdivision "L. l. lactis bv. diacetylactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis subdivision "L. l. lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis subdivisionRanks "Subspecies".
• Lactococcus_lactis subject Category:Streptococcaceae.
• Lactococcus_lactis type Bacteria.
• Lactococcus_lactis type Species.
• Lactococcus_lactis type Organism.
• Lactococcus_lactis comment "Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has recently also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease. L. lactis cells are cocci that group in pairs and short chains, and, depending on growth conditions, appear ovoid with typically 0.5 - 1.5 µm in length. L. lactis does not produce spores (nonsporulating) and are not motile (nonmotile).".
• Lactococcus_lactis label "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis label "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis label "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis label "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis label "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis label "Lactococcus lactis".
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs m.02pywj.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Q133598.
• Lactococcus_lactis sameAs Q133598.
• Lactococcus_lactis wasDerivedFrom Lactococcus_lactis?oldid=600403333.
• Lactococcus_lactis depiction Lactococcus_lactis.jpg.
• Lactococcus_lactis isPrimaryTopicOf Lactococcus_lactis.
• Lactococcus_lactis name "Lactococcus lactis".