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• Land_reform_in_Vietnam abstract "Land reform in Vietnam was a program of land reform in North Vietnam from 1953 to 1956. It followed the program of land reform in China from 1946 to 1953. The aim of the land reform program was to break the power of the traditional village elite, to form a new class of leaders, and redistribute the wealth (mostly land) to create a new class that has no ownership. It was an element of the Communist revolution. The reform led to allegations of many villagers being executed, land being taken away even from poor peasants, and of paranoia among neighbors. Several foreign witnesses testified to mass executions. A number of sources have suggested that about 30% of the "landlords" executed were actually communist party members. Former North Vietnamese government official Nguyen Minh Can, told RFA’s Vietnamese service: "The land reform was a massacre of innocent, honest people, and using contemporary terms we must say that it was a genocide triggered by class discrimination".Between 50,000 and 172,000 perceived "class enemies" were executed. Reports from North Vietnamese defectors at the time suggested that 50,000 were executed. A Hungarian diplomat was told that 60,000 were executed. Declassified Politburo documents confirm that 1 in 1,000 North Vietnamese (i.e., about 14,000 people) were the minimum quota targeted for execution during the earlier "rent reduction" campaign; the number killed during the multiple stages of the considerably more radical "land reform" was probably many times greater. Lam Thanh Liem, a major authority on land issues in Vietnam, conducted multiple interviews in which communist cadres gave estimates for land reform executions ranging from 120,000 to 200,000. Such figures match the "nearly 150,000 houses and huts which were allocated to new occupants". Landlords were arbitrarily classified as 5.68% of the population, but the majority were subject to less severe punishment than execution. Official records from the time suggest that 172,008 "landlords" were executed during the "land reform", of whom 123,266 (71.66%) were later found to be wrongly classified. Victims were reportedly shot, beheaded, and beaten to death; "some were tied up, thrown into open graves and covered with stones until they were crushed to death". The full death toll was even greater because victims' families starved to death under the "policy of isolation." As communist defector Le Xuan Giao explained: "There was nothing worse than the starvation of the children in a family whose parents were under the control of a land reform team. They isolated the house, and the people who lived there would starve. The children were all innocent. There was nothing worse than that. They wanted to see the whole family dead." Former Viet Minh official Hoang Van Chi wrote that as many as 500,000 North Vietnamese may have died as a result of the land reform.Gareth Porter wrote The Myth of the Bloodbath, claiming that the death toll was only in the thousands but was criticized by historian Robert F. Turner for relying on official communist sources. Turner argued that the death toll "was certainly in six digits." Historian Edwin Moise, who estimated that over 8,000 people were executed during the land reform, has defended this practice; asserting that the official communist newspapers of North Vietnam were "extremely informative" and "showed a fairly high level of honesty" when compared to those of other communist states. Moise's denial that China played an important role in the reform is no longer accepted by modern scholarship. Porter and Noam Chomsky argued that Hoang Van Chi used to be "employed and subsidized" by South Vietnam and the US, and challenged the reliability of translated North Vietnamese documents on which Chi's view was based on. Turner defended Chi, noting that while he received a grant from the Congress for Cultural Freedom (which was later revealed to have been funded by the Central Intelligence Agency), there was no evidence this affected his conclusions. Chi opined that "Mr. Porter studies....a few propaganda booklets published by Hanoi....I lived through the whole process, and I described what I saw with my own eyes." Both Chi and Turner noted that Porter barely could not speak Vietnamese (despite his claim that sources about the land reform were mistranslated), and that he relied on sometimes inaccurate English translations of Nhan Dan done by the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (as well as English-language propaganda meant to encourage anti-war groups). Chomsky cited Colonel Nguyen Van Chau, head of the Central Psychological War Service for the South Vietnamese army from 1956 to 1962, who claimed that early figures for the land reform were "100% fabricated" by the intelligence services of Saigon. Chau was one of dozens of officers dismissed from their positions while under investigation in South Vietnam; he later made public appearances alongside North Vietnamese, Viet Cong, and French Communist Party representatives. Recent scholarship from Vietnam also suggests that a larger number of landlords were persecuted than previously believed.More than 1 million North Vietnamese people fled to the South, due in part to the land reform. It is estimated that as many as two million more would have left had they not been stopped by the Viet Minh.".
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam wikiPageID "12242739".
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam wikiPageRevisionID "606428999".
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam hasPhotoCollection Land_reform_in_Vietnam.
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam subject Category:History_of_Vietnam.
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam subject Category:Land_reform.
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam subject Category:Political_repression_in_Vietnam.
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam comment "Land reform in Vietnam was a program of land reform in North Vietnam from 1953 to 1956. It followed the program of land reform in China from 1946 to 1953. The aim of the land reform program was to break the power of the traditional village elite, to form a new class of leaders, and redistribute the wealth (mostly land) to create a new class that has no ownership. It was an element of the Communist revolution.".
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam label "Land reform in Vietnam".
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• Land_reform_in_Vietnam sameAs Q6484259.
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam sameAs Q6484259.
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam wasDerivedFrom Land_reform_in_Vietnam?oldid=606428999.
• Land_reform_in_Vietnam isPrimaryTopicOf Land_reform_in_Vietnam.