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DBpedia 2014

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Language abstract "Language is the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 6,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken or signed, but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, in graphic writing, braille, or whistling. This is because human language is modality-independent. When used as a general concept, "language" may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication, or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems, or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules. All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs with particular meanings. Oral and sign languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes, and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances.Human language has the properties of productivity, recursivity, and displacement, and relies entirely on social convention and learning. Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication. Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems, acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality. This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume, and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions. Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain, but especially in Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old. The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture. Therefore, in addition to its strictly communicative uses, language also has many social and cultural uses, such as signifying group identity, social stratification, as well as social grooming and entertainment.Languages evolve and diversify over time, and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur. A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family. The languages that are most spoken in the world today belong to the Indo-European family, which include English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Hindi; the Sino-Tibetan family, which includes Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, and many others; the Afro-Asiatic family, which includes Arabic, Amharic, Somali, and Hebrew; the Bantu languages, which include Swahili, Zulu, Shona, and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages, which include Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, Malagasy, and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific. Academic consensus holds that between 50% and 90% of languages spoken at the beginning of the twenty-first century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100.".
Language thumbnail Tepantitla_mural,_Ballplayer_A_(Daquella_manera).jpg?width=300.
Language wikiPageExternalLink The-Linguistic-Diversity-of-the-Planet.html.
Language wikiPageExternalLink wals.info.
Language wikiPageExternalLink www.ethnologue.com.
Language wikiPageID "17524".
Language wikiPageRevisionID "605351874".
Language align "right".
Language caption ""The Tower of Babel" by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Oil on board, 1563.".
Language caption "75".
Language caption "A mural in Teotihuacan, Mexico depicting a person emitting a speech scroll from his mouth, symbolizing speech".
Language caption "A spectrogram showing the sound of the spoken English word "man", which is written phonetically as . Note that in flowing speech, there is no clear division between segments, only a smooth transition as the vocal apparatus moves.".
Language caption "Braille writing represents language in a tactile form.".
Language caption "Cuneiform is the first known form of written language, but spoken language predates writing by at least tens of thousands of years.".
Language caption "Ferdinand de Saussure developed the structuralist approach to studying language.".
Language caption "Humans have speculated about the origins of language throughout history. The Biblical myth of the Tower of Babel is one such account; other cultures have different stories of how language arose.".
Language caption "Noam Chomsky is one of the most important linguistic theorists of the 20th century.".
Language caption "Real time MRI scan of a person speaking in Mandarin Chinese.".
Language caption "Spectrogram of American English vowels showing the formants f1 and f2".
Language caption "The human vocal tract.".
Language caption "The sign for "wi" in Korean Sign Language".
Language caption "The syllable "wi" in the Hangul script.".
Language caption "Two girls learning American Sign Language".
Language caption "William Jones discovered the family relation between Latin and Sanskrit, laying the ground for the discipline of Historical linguistics.".
Language commons "Atlas of languages".
Language direction "vertical".
Language hasPhotoCollection Language.
Language image "BBC-artefacts.jpg".
Language image "Braille house09.JPG".
Language image "Cuneiform script2.png".
Language image "Ferdinand de Saussure by Jullien.png".
Language image "Girls learning sign language.jpg".
Language image "Hangul wi.svg".
Language image "Illu01 head neck.jpg".
Language image "KSL wi.jpg".
Language image "ManSpec.png".
Language image "Noam chomsky cropped.jpg".
Language image "Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Tower of Babel - Google Art Project - edited.jpg".
Language image "Real-time MRI - Speaking .ogv".
Language image "Sir William Jones.jpg".
Language image "Spectrogram -iua-.png".
Language image "Tepantitla mural, Ballplayer A .jpg".
Language v "School:Language and Literature".
Language width "150".
Language width "170".
Language width "200".
Language width "220".
Language wikipedia "language".
Language subject Category:Human_communication.
Language subject Category:Language.
Language subject Category:Languages.
Language subject Category:Linguistics.
Language subject Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_ASCII_art.
Language comment "Language is the human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 6,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects.".
Language label "Język (mowa)".
Language label "Langage".
Language label "Language".
Language label "Lenguaje".
Language label "Linguagem".
Language label "Linguaggio".
Language label "Sprache".
Language label "Taal".
Language label "Язык".
Language label "لغة".
Language label "言語".
Language label "語言".
Language sameAs Jazyk_(lingvistika).
Language sameAs Sprache.
Language sameAs Γλώσσα.
Language sameAs Lenguaje.
Language sameAs Hizkuntza.
Language sameAs Langage.
Language sameAs Bahasa.
Language sameAs Linguaggio.
Language sameAs 言語.
Language sameAs 언어.
Language sameAs Taal.
Language sameAs Język_(mowa).
Language sameAs Linguagem.
Language sameAs m.04g7d.
Language sameAs Q315.
Language sameAs Q315.
Language wasDerivedFrom Language?oldid=605351874.
Language depiction Tepantitla_mural,_Ballplayer_A_(Daquella_manera).jpg.
Language isPrimaryTopicOf Language.