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• List_of_cloud_types abstract "Clouds are formed in the Earth's atmosphere when water evaporates into vapor from oceans, lakes, ponds, and even streams and rivers; and by evaporation or transpiration over moist areas of Earth's land surface. The vapor rises up into colder areas of the atmosphere due to convective, orographic, or frontal lifting. This subjects the rising air to a process called adiabatic cooling. The water vapor attaches itself to condensation nuclei which can be anything from dust to microscopic particles of salt and debris. Once the vapor has been cooled to saturation, the cloud becomes visible. All weather-producing clouds form in the troposphere, the lowest major layer of the atmosphere. However very small amounts of water vapor can be found higher up in the stratosphere and mesosphere and may condense into very thin clouds if the air temperatures are sufficiently cold. The nephology branch of meteorology is focused on the study of cloud physics.Tropospheric clouds are divided into physical categories. They have Latin based names that indicate physical structure and process of formation. Clouds of the cirriform category are generally thin and occur mostly in the form of filaments. Two other basic categories are stratiform with non-convective clouds that are mostly sheet-like in structure, and limited or free-convective cumuliform that appear in heaps. Two additional categories derived from the cumuliform group are stratocumuliform which comprise rolled or rippled clouds of limited convection that combine cumuliform and stratiform characteristics, and cumulonimbiform, towering free-convective cumuliform clouds often with complex structures that include cirriform tops and multiple accessory clouds.In the troposphere, ten genus types are derived by cross-classifying the physical categories into four families defined by altitude range; high, middle, low, and vertical or multi-level (with low to middle cloud base). The last of these can be subdivided into two sub-families or groups to distinguish between moderate and towering vertical types.Cirriform category clouds are only found in the high-altitude family and therefore constitute a single genus cirrus. High stratiform and stratocumuliform types carry the prefix cirro- which yield the genus names cirrostratus and cirrocumulus. Clouds of the middle-altitude family have the prefix alto- (altostratus and altocumulus) to distinguish them from the high clouds. Strato- is dropped from high and middle stratocumuliform genus names to avoid double-prefixing. Low altitude stratiform, stratocumuliform, and cumuliform genera (stratus, stratocumulus, and small cumulus) carry no height-related prefixes.The family of vertical clouds includes thick stratiform, cumuliform, and cumulonimbiform genera, all of which can produce precipitation of significant intensity. Within this family, the group of moderate vertical clouds comprise nimbostratus and cumulus mediocris that form in the low or middle altitude range. These genus types also have no height-related prefixes, but its stratiform genus carries the prefix nimbo- to denote its ability to produce widespread precipitation. The towering vertical group has no stratiform types, but rather comprises the genus cumulonimbus, and the species cumulus congestus, a towering variant of the genus cumulus whose other species belong to the low and moderate vertical clouds.Most cloud genera are divided into species, varieties, or both (with species ranked above varieties), based on specific physical characteristics of the clouds. Species types and opacity-based varieties are always present with any genera that characteristically have them. However, pattern-based varieties are only seen with any particular genus when atmospheric conditions are favorable for their occurrence. A total of about ninety sub-types can be identified that are derived by this process of division and subdivision into species and varieties. Supplementary features of the main cloud types can take the form of precipitation or special cloud formations that are attached or located in close proximity to the main cloud. Although accessory clouds are most commonly seen with cumulonimbus, they are also occasionally seen with other genus and species types as well. They are not further subdivisions of the basic genera, species, and varieties, but are separately classified clouds associated with the main types..Any genus type that undergoes a full or partial change into another genus is termed a mother cloud. If the change is only partial, the mother cloud is a genitus type indicating that some of its physical characteristics can be seen associated with the new genus type. If the change is complete, the mother cloud carries a mutatus designation to indicate its mutation into the new type. Changes in species and varieties usually accompany changes in the genus type, but the genitus and mutatus designations apply directly only to the genus level of classification.The essentials of the modern nomenclature system for tropospheric clouds were proposed by Luke Howard, a British manufacturing chemist and an amateur meteorologist with broad interests in science, in an 1802 presentation to the Askesian Society. Since 1890, clouds have been classified and illustrated in cloud atlases.Clouds that form above the troposphere have a generally cirriform structure, but are not given Latin names based on that characteristic. Polar stratospheric clouds form at very high altitudes in polar regions of the stratosphere. Those that show mother-of-pearl colors are given the name nacreous. Both these and non-nacreous types are classified alpha-numerically according to their physical state and chemical makeup. Polar mesospheric clouds are the highest in the atmosphere and are given the Latin name noctilucent which refers to their illumination during deep twilight. They are sub-classified alpha-numerically according to specific details of their cirriform physical structure.Mesospheric, stratospheric, and tropospheric classes are listed on this page in descending order of altitude range. Within the troposphere, families of non-vertical clouds are also listed in descending order of altitude. The genus types within each family are arranged in descending order of average cloud base height. Their constituent species, varieties, supplementary features and mother clouds are arranged in approximate order of frequency of occurrence. Vertical/multi-level cloud groups and their constituent genera and species are listed in ascending order of average altitude of cloud tops. Their varieties, supplementary features, and mother clouds are arranged in order of approximate frequency of occurrence.".
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink nephology.eu.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink www.chmury.pl.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink gallery.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink types-of-clouds.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink cloudglossary.html.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink cloud-names-classifications.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink www.noaa.gov.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink skywatcher.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink clouds_max.htm.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageExternalLink clouds.htm.
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageID "1461163".
• List_of_cloud_types wikiPageRevisionID "606315562".
• List_of_cloud_types hasPhotoCollection List_of_cloud_types.
• List_of_cloud_types subject Category:Cloud_types.
• List_of_cloud_types subject Category:Satellite_interpretation.
• List_of_cloud_types comment "Clouds are formed in the Earth's atmosphere when water evaporates into vapor from oceans, lakes, ponds, and even streams and rivers; and by evaporation or transpiration over moist areas of Earth's land surface. The vapor rises up into colder areas of the atmosphere due to convective, orographic, or frontal lifting. This subjects the rising air to a process called adiabatic cooling.".
• List_of_cloud_types label "Internationale wolkenclassificatie".
• List_of_cloud_types label "List of cloud types".
• List_of_cloud_types label "雲形".
• List_of_cloud_types sameAs 雲形.
• List_of_cloud_types sameAs Internationale_wolkenclassificatie.
• List_of_cloud_types sameAs Q3281195.
• List_of_cloud_types sameAs Q3281195.
• List_of_cloud_types wasDerivedFrom List_of_cloud_types?oldid=606315562.
• List_of_cloud_types isPrimaryTopicOf List_of_cloud_types.