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• Major_depressive_disorder abstract "Major depressive disorder (MDD) (also known as clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder; or as recurrent depression in the case of repeated episodes) is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. This cluster of symptoms (syndrome) was named, described and classified as one of the mood disorders in the 1980 edition of the American Psychiatric Association's diagnostic manual. The term "depression" is ambiguous. It is often used to denote this syndrome but may refer to other mood disorders or to lower mood states lacking clinical significance. Major depressive disorder is a disabling condition that adversely affects a person's family, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. In the United States, around 3.4% of people with major depression commit suicide, and up to 60% of people who commit suicide had depression or another mood disorder.The diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based on the patient's self-reported experiences, behavior reported by relatives or friends, and a mental status examination. There is no laboratory test for major depression, although physicians generally request tests for physical conditions that may cause similar symptoms. The most common time of onset is between the ages of 20 and 30 years, with a later peak between 30 and 40 years.Typically, patients are treated with antidepressant medication and, in many cases, also receive psychotherapy or counseling, although medication alone efficacy is only clinically significant in trials involving the most extremely depressed patients; "due to a decrease in the response to placebo rather than an increase in the response to medication."Hospitalization may be necessary in cases with associated self-neglect or a significant risk of harm to self or others. A minority are treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The course of the disorder varies widely, from one episode lasting weeks to a lifelong disorder with recurrent major depressive episodes. Depressed individuals have shorter life expectancies than those without depression, in part because of greater susceptibility to medical illnesses and suicide. It is unclear whether or not medications affect the risk of suicide. Current and former patients may be stigmatized.The understanding of the nature and causes of depression has evolved over the centuries, though this understanding is incomplete and has left many aspects of depression as the subject of discussion and research. Proposed causes include psychological, psycho-social, hereditary, evolutionary and biological factors. Long-term substance abuse may cause or worsen depressive symptoms. Psychological treatments are based on theories of personality, interpersonal communication, and learning. Most biological theories focus on the monoamine chemicals serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, which are naturally present in the brain and assist communication between nerve cells.".
• Major_depressive_disorder diseasesdb "3589".
• Major_depressive_disorder emedicineSubject "med".
• Major_depressive_disorder emedicineTopic "532".
• Major_depressive_disorder icd10 "F32, F33".
• Major_depressive_disorder icd9 "296.2, 296.3".
• Major_depressive_disorder medlineplus "003213".
• Major_depressive_disorder meshId "D003865".
• Major_depressive_disorder omim "608516".
• Major_depressive_disorder thumbnail Vincent_Willem_van_Gogh_002.jpg?width=300.
• Major_depressive_disorder wikiPageExternalLink bnf.
• Major_depressive_disorder wikiPageID "8389".
• Major_depressive_disorder wikiPageRevisionID "606503490".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "American Psychiatric Association".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "Barlow DH".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "Beck AT, Rush J, Shaw BF, Emery G".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan; Parker, Gordon".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "Hergenhahn BR".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "May R".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain".
• Major_depressive_disorder author "Sadock, Virginia A.; Sadock, Benjamin J.; Kaplan, Harold I.".
• Major_depressive_disorder caption "Sorrowing old man ('At Eternity's Gate')".
• Major_depressive_disorder caption "Vincent van Gogh's 1890 painting".
• Major_depressive_disorder coauthors "Durand VM".
• Major_depressive_disorder diseasesdb "3589".
• Major_depressive_disorder edition "5".
• Major_depressive_disorder emedicinesubj "med".
• Major_depressive_disorder emedicinetopic "532".
• Major_depressive_disorder hasPhotoCollection Major_depressive_disorder.
• Major_depressive_disorder icd "296.2".
• Major_depressive_disorder icd "F32, F33".
• Major_depressive_disorder isbn "0".
• Major_depressive_disorder isbn "978".
• Major_depressive_disorder location "Belmont, CA, USA".
• Major_depressive_disorder location "Cambridge, UK".
• Major_depressive_disorder location "New York, NY, USA".
• Major_depressive_disorder location "Philadelphia".
• Major_depressive_disorder location "UK".
• Major_depressive_disorder location "Washington, DC".
• Major_depressive_disorder medlineplus "3213".
• Major_depressive_disorder meshid "D003865".
• Major_depressive_disorder name "Major depressive disorder".
• Major_depressive_disorder omim "608516".
• Major_depressive_disorder origyear "1979".
• Major_depressive_disorder publisher "American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.".
• Major_depressive_disorder publisher "BMJ Group and RPS Publishing".
• Major_depressive_disorder publisher "Cambridge University Press".
• Major_depressive_disorder publisher "Guilford Press".
• Major_depressive_disorder publisher "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins".
• Major_depressive_disorder publisher "Thomson Wadsworth".
• Major_depressive_disorder publisher "W. W. Norton & Company".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFAmerican_Psychiatric_Association2000a".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFBarlow2005".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFBeck1987".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFHergenhahn2005".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFMay1994".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFParker1996".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFRoyal_Pharmaceutical_Society_of_Great_Britain2008".
• Major_depressive_disorder ref "CITEREFSadock2002".
• Major_depressive_disorder title British_National_Formulary.
• Major_depressive_disorder title "Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach".
• Major_depressive_disorder title "An Introduction to the History of Psychology".
• Major_depressive_disorder title "Cognitive Therapy of depression".
• Major_depressive_disorder title "Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR".
• Major_depressive_disorder title "Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry".
• Major_depressive_disorder title "Melancholia: a disorder of movement and mood: a phenomenological and neurobiological review".
• Major_depressive_disorder title "The discovery of being: Writings in existential psychology".
• Major_depressive_disorder url bnf.
• Major_depressive_disorder width "250".
• Major_depressive_disorder wordnet_type synset-disease-noun-1.
• Major_depressive_disorder year "1987".
• Major_depressive_disorder year "1994".
• Major_depressive_disorder year "1996".
• Major_depressive_disorder year "2000".
• Major_depressive_disorder year "2003".
• Major_depressive_disorder year "2005".
• Major_depressive_disorder year "2008".
• Major_depressive_disorder subject Category:Abnormal_psychology.
• Major_depressive_disorder subject Category:Bipolar_spectrum.
• Major_depressive_disorder subject Category:Depression_(psychology).
• Major_depressive_disorder subject Category:History_of_medicine.
• Major_depressive_disorder subject Category:Mood_disorders.
• Major_depressive_disorder subject Category:Psychiatric_diagnosis.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Abstraction100002137.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Attribute100024264.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Condition113920835.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Disease114070360.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Disorder114052403.
• Major_depressive_disorder type IllHealth114052046.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Illness114061805.
• Major_depressive_disorder type MoodDisorders.
• Major_depressive_disorder type PathologicalState114051917.
• Major_depressive_disorder type PhysicalCondition114034177.
• Major_depressive_disorder type State100024720.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Disease.
• Major_depressive_disorder type AilmentCondition.
• Major_depressive_disorder type Situation.
• Major_depressive_disorder comment "Major depressive disorder (MDD) (also known as clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder; or as recurrent depression in the case of repeated episodes) is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.".
• Major_depressive_disorder label "Depresión".
• Major_depressive_disorder label "Depressie (klinisch)".

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