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- Mariner_2 abstract "Mariner 2 (Mariner-Venus 1962),an American space probe to Venus, was the first robotic space probe to conduct a successful planetary encounter. The first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program, it was a simplified version of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program and an exact copy of Mariner 1. The missions of Mariner 1 and 2 spacecraft are together sometimes known as the Mariner R missions. Mariner 2 passed within 35,000 kilometres (22,000 mi) of Venus on December 14, 1962.The Mariner probe consisted of a 100 cm (39.4 in) diameter hexagonal bus, to which solar panels, instrument booms, and antennas were attached. The scientific instruments on board the Mariner spacecraft were two radiometers (one each for the microwave and infrared portions of the spectrum), a micrometeorite sensor, a solar plasma sensor, a charged particle sensor, and a magnetometer. These instruments were designed to measure the temperature distribution on the surface of Venus, as well as making basic measurements of Venus' atmosphere. Due to the planet's thick, featureless cloud cover, no cameras were included in the Mariner unit.[citation needed] Mariner 10 later discovered that extensive cloud detail was visible in ultraviolet light.The primary mission was to receive communications from the spacecraft in the vicinity of Venus and to perform radiometric temperature measurements of the planet. A second objective was to measure the Interplanetary Magnetic Field and charged particle environment.The two-stage Atlas-Agena rocket carrying Mariner 1 had veered off-course during its launch on July 22, 1962 due to a defective signal from the Atlas and a bug in the program equations of the ground-based guiding computer, and subsequently the spacecraft was destroyed by the Range Safety Officer.A month later, the identical Mariner 2 spacecraft was launched successfully on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus. On the way, it measured the solar wind, a constant stream of charged particles flowing outwards from the Sun, confirming the measurements by Luna 1 in 1959. It also measured interplanetary dust, which turned out to be scarcer than predicted. In addition, Mariner 2 detected high-energy charged particles coming from the Sun, including several brief solar flares, as well as cosmic rays from outside the Solar System. As it flew by Venus on December 14, 1962, Mariner 2 scanned the planet with its pair of radiometers, revealing that Venus has cool clouds and an extremely hot surface.The spacecraft is now defunct in a heliocentric orbit.".
- Mariner_2 thumbnail Mariner_2_in_space.jpg?width=300.
- Mariner_2 wikiPageExternalLink solarsystem.nasa.gov.
- Mariner_2 wikiPageExternalLink profile.cfm?MCode=Mariner_02.
- Mariner_2 wikiPageExternalLink artifact.cfm?id=A19760027000.
- Mariner_2 wikiPageID "38780".
- Mariner_2 wikiPageRevisionID "606183198".
- Mariner_2 after Mariner_3.
- Mariner_2 apsis "helion".
- Mariner_2 before Mariner_1.
- Mariner_2 harvardDesignation "1962".
- Mariner_2 hasPhotoCollection Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 imageCaption "Depiction of Mariner 2 in space".
- Mariner_2 interplanetary "--12-14".
- Mariner_2 lastContact "1963-01-03".
- Mariner_2 launchDate "--08-27".
- Mariner_2 launchRocket Atlas-Agena.
- Mariner_2 launchSite Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station.
- Mariner_2 launchSite Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station_Launch_Complex_12.
- Mariner_2 manufacturer Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory.
- Mariner_2 missionDuration "1.1124E7".
- Mariner_2 missionType "Planetary flyby".
- Mariner_2 name "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 operator Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory.
- Mariner_2 operator NASA.
- Mariner_2 orbitEpoch "1962-12-27".
- Mariner_2 orbitReference "Heliocentric".
- Mariner_2 power "220".
- Mariner_2 satcat "374".
- Mariner_2 spacecraftType Mariner_program.
- Mariner_2 spacecraftType "based on Ranger Block I".
- Mariner_2 subject Category:Derelict_satellites_in_heliocentric_orbit.
- Mariner_2 subject Category:Derelict_space_probes.
- Mariner_2 subject Category:Mariner_program.
- Mariner_2 subject Category:Missions_to_Venus.
- Mariner_2 subject Category:Smithsonian_Institution_Archives_related.
- Mariner_2 subject Category:Spacecraft_launched_by_Atlas-Agena_rockets.
- Mariner_2 subject Category:Spacecraft_launched_in_1962.
- Mariner_2 type ArtificialSatellite.
- Mariner_2 type Satellite.
- Mariner_2 type Thing.
- Mariner_2 comment "Mariner 2 (Mariner-Venus 1962),an American space probe to Venus, was the first robotic space probe to conduct a successful planetary encounter. The first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program, it was a simplified version of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program and an exact copy of Mariner 1. The missions of Mariner 1 and 2 spacecraft are together sometimes known as the Mariner R missions.".
- Mariner_2 label "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 label "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 label "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 label "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 label "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 label "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 label "Mariner 2".
- Mariner_2 label "Маринер-2".
- Mariner_2 label "مارينر 2".
- Mariner_2 label "マリナー2号".
- Mariner_2 label "水手2號".
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Μάρινερ_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs マリナー2号.
- Mariner_2 sameAs 매리너_2호.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Mariner_2.
- Mariner_2 sameAs m.09p1_.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Q208984.
- Mariner_2 sameAs Q208984.
- Mariner_2 wasDerivedFrom Mariner_2?oldid=606183198.
- Mariner_2 depiction Mariner_2_in_space.jpg.
- Mariner_2 isPrimaryTopicOf Mariner_2.