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- Metric_modulation abstract "In music, metric modulation is a change in pulse rate (tempo) and/or pulse grouping (subdivision) which is derived from a note value or grouping heard before the change. Examples of metric modulation may include changes in time signature across an unchanging tempo, but the concept applies more specifically to shifts from one time signature/tempo (meter) to another, wherein a note value from the first is made equivalent to a note value in the second, like a pivot or bridge. The term "modulation" invokes the analogous and more familiar term in analyses of tonal harmony, wherein a pitch or pitch interval serves as a bridge between two keys. In both terms, the pivoting value functions differently before and after the change, but sounds the same, and acts as an audible common element between them. Metric modulation was first described by Richard Franko Goldman (1951) while reviewing the Cello Sonata of Elliott Carter, who prefers to call it tempo modulation (Schiff 1998, 23).A technique in which a rhythmic pattern is superposed on another, heterometrically, and then supersedes it and becomes the basic meter. Usually, such time signatures are mutually prime, e.g., 4/4 and 3/8, and so have no common divisors. Thus the change of the basic meter decisively alters the numerical content of the beat, but the minimal denominator (1/8 when 4/4 changes to 3/8; 1/16 when, e.g., 5/8 changes to 7/16, etc.) remains constant.The following formula illustrates how to determine the tempo before or after a metric modulation, or, alternatively, how many of the associated note values will be in each measure before or after the modulation: (Winold 1975, 230-31)Thus if the two half notes in 4/4 time at a tempo of quarter note = 84 are made equivalent with three half notes at a new tempo, that tempo will be:(Winold 1975, p.230, example taken from Carter's Eight Etudes and a Fantasy for woodwind quartet (1950), Fantasy, mm. 16-17.)Note that this tempo, quarter note = 126, is equal to dotted-quarter note = 84 ((half note = dotted half note.) = (quarter note = dotted quarter note.)).A tempo (or metric) modulation causes a change in the hierarchical relationship between the perceived beat subdivision and all potential subdivisions belonging to the new tempo. Benadon (2004) has explored some compositional uses of tempo modulations, such as tempo networks and beat subdivision spaces.Three challenges arise when performing metric modulations:Grouping notes of the same speed differently on each side of the barline, ex: (quintuplet sixteenth note=sextuplet sixteenth note) with sixteenth notes before and after the barlineSubdivision used on one side of the barline and not the other, ex: (triplet eighth note=sixteenth note) with triplets before and quarter notes after the barlineSubdivision used on neither side of the barline but used to establish the modulation, ex: (quintuplet quarter note=quarter note) with quarter notes before and after the barline(Weisberg 1996, 54)Examples of the use of metric modulation include Carter's Cello Sonata (1948) (Cunningham 2007, 113), A Symphony of Three Orchestras (1976) (Farberman 1997, 158), and Björk's "Desired Constellation" (dotted quarter note.=half note) (Malawey 2007, 142-44).".
- Metric_modulation thumbnail Metric_modulation_Bach.png?width=300.
- Metric_modulation wikiPageExternalLink Benadon.pdf.
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- Metric_modulation wikiPageID "559155".
- Metric_modulation wikiPageRevisionID "594855357".
- Metric_modulation hasPhotoCollection Metric_modulation.
- Metric_modulation subject Category:Musical_techniques.
- Metric_modulation subject Category:Rhythm_and_meter.
- Metric_modulation type Ability105616246.
- Metric_modulation type Abstraction100002137.
- Metric_modulation type Cognition100023271.
- Metric_modulation type Know-how105616786.
- Metric_modulation type Method105660268.
- Metric_modulation type MusicalTechniques.
- Metric_modulation type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Metric_modulation type Technique105665146.
- Metric_modulation comment "In music, metric modulation is a change in pulse rate (tempo) and/or pulse grouping (subdivision) which is derived from a note value or grouping heard before the change. Examples of metric modulation may include changes in time signature across an unchanging tempo, but the concept applies more specifically to shifts from one time signature/tempo (meter) to another, wherein a note value from the first is made equivalent to a note value in the second, like a pivot or bridge.".
- Metric_modulation label "Metric modulation".
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- Metric_modulation sameAs Q6824327.
- Metric_modulation sameAs Q6824327.
- Metric_modulation sameAs Metric_modulation.
- Metric_modulation wasDerivedFrom Metric_modulation?oldid=594855357.
- Metric_modulation depiction Metric_modulation_Bach.png.
- Metric_modulation isPrimaryTopicOf Metric_modulation.
