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- MicroRNA abstract "A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals, and some viruses, which functions in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Encoded by eukaryotic nuclear DNA in plants and animals and by viral DNA in certain viruses whose genome is based on DNA, miRNAs function via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNA molecules. As a result, these mRNA strands are silenced because they can no longer be translated into proteins by ribosomes, and such complexes are often actively disassembled by the cell ("target degradation"). The human genome may encode over 1000 miRNAs, which may target about 60% of mammalian genes and are abundant in many human cell types.[citation needed]miRNAs are well conserved in eukaryotic organisms and are thought to be a vital and evolutionarily ancient component of genetic regulation. While core components of the microRNA pathway are conserved between plants and animals, miRNA repertoires in the two kingdoms appear to have evolved independently with different modes of function. Plant miRNAs usually have perfect or near-perfect pairing with their messenger RNA targets and induce gene repression through degradation of their target transcripts. Plant miRNAs may bind their targets in both coding regions and untranslated regions. In contrast, animal miRNAs are able to recognize their target mRNAs by as little as 6-8 nucleotides (the seed region) at the 5' end of an animal miRNA. Combinatorial regulation is a feature of miRNA regulation. A given miRNA may have multiple different mRNA targets, and a given target might similarly be targeted by multiple miRNAs.The first miRNAs were characterized in the early 1990s. However, miRNAs were not recognized as a distinct class of biological regulators with conserved functions until the early 2000s.[citation needed] Since then, miRNA research has revealed multiple roles in negative regulation (transcript degradation and sequestering, translational suppression) and possible involvement in positive regulation (transcriptional and translational activation). By affecting gene regulation, miRNAs are likely to be involved in most biological processes. Different sets of expressed miRNAs are found in different cell types and tissues.Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been implicated in numerous disease states, and miRNA-based therapies are under investigation.Estimates of the average number of unique messenger RNAs that are targets for repression by a typical microRNA vary, depending on the method used to make the estimate. While a 2004 estimate was that the mean number of target mRNAs for a typical microRNA is only 7, later estimates were higher. Krek et al. found that vertebrate microRNAs target, on average, roughly 200 transcripts each. Selbach et al. and Baek et al. indicated that a single miRNA may repress the production of hundreds of proteins, but that this repression often is relatively mild (less than 2-fold).".
- MicroRNA thumbnail MiRNA.svg?width=300.
- MicroRNA wikiPageExternalLink mirandola.
- MicroRNA wikiPageExternalLink mirnablog.com.
- MicroRNA wikiPageExternalLink mirob.interactome.ru.
- MicroRNA wikiPageExternalLink semirna.
- MicroRNA wikiPageExternalLink www.miR2Disease.org.
- MicroRNA wikiPageExternalLink www.mirbase.org.
- MicroRNA wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=_-9pROnSD-A.
- MicroRNA wikiPageID "156964".
- MicroRNA wikiPageRevisionID "606496448".
- MicroRNA hasPhotoCollection MicroRNA.
- MicroRNA subject Category:Articles_with_inconsistent_citation_formats.
- MicroRNA subject Category:MicroRNA.
- MicroRNA subject Category:RNA.
- MicroRNA comment "A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals, and some viruses, which functions in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Encoded by eukaryotic nuclear DNA in plants and animals and by viral DNA in certain viruses whose genome is based on DNA, miRNAs function via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNA molecules.".
- MicroRNA label "MiRNA".
- MicroRNA label "MiRNA".
- MicroRNA label "Micro ARN".
- MicroRNA label "Micro-ARN".
- MicroRNA label "Micro-RNA".
- MicroRNA label "MicroRNA".
- MicroRNA label "MicroRNA".
- MicroRNA label "MicroRNA".
- MicroRNA label "MicroRNA".
- MicroRNA label "МикроРНК".
- MicroRNA label "ميكرو حمض ريبي نووي".
- MicroRNA label "微RNA".
- MicroRNA sameAs MiRNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs MicroRNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs Micro_ARN.
- MicroRNA sameAs Micro-ARN.
- MicroRNA sameAs RNA-Mikro.
- MicroRNA sameAs MicroRNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs MiRNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs MicroRNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs MicroRNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs MiRNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs Micro-RNA.
- MicroRNA sameAs m.014mgr.
- MicroRNA sameAs Q310899.
- MicroRNA sameAs Q310899.
- MicroRNA wasDerivedFrom MicroRNA?oldid=606496448.
- MicroRNA depiction MiRNA.svg.
- MicroRNA isPrimaryTopicOf MicroRNA.
