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• Middle_Ages abstract "In European history, the Middle Ages, or Medieval period, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, the High, and the Late Middle Ages.Depopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East, once part of the Eastern Roman Empire came under the rule of the Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with Antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire survived in the east and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Code of Justinian, was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established an empire covering much of Western Europe; the Carolingian Empire in the later 8th and early 9th century, when it succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions—Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.During the High Middle Ages, which began after AD 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Middle Eastern Holy Land from the Muslims. Kings became the heads of centralised nation states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements of this period.The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which much diminished the population of Western Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the warfare between states, civil wars, and peasant revolts occurring in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.".
• Middle_Ages thumbnail JuengeresMathildenkreuz.jpg?width=300.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink Middle%20Ages.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink medieval.name.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink medievalrealms.html.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink historyren.shtml.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink www.deremilitari.org.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink labyrinth.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink www.medievalists.net.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink www.medievalmap.org.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink www.netserf.org.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink Numbers_Lecture.pdf.
• Middle_Ages wikiPageExternalLink www.the-orb.net.
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• Middle_Ages footer "Territorial divisions of the Carolingian Empire in 843, 855, and 870".
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• Middle_Ages image "Carolingian territorial divisions, 855.png".
• Middle_Ages image "Carolingian territorial divisions, 870.png".
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• Middle_Ages subject Category:Featured_articles.
• Middle_Ages subject Category:History_of_Europe_by_period.
• Middle_Ages subject Category:Middle_Ages.
• Middle_Ages subject Category:Wikipedia_good_articles.
• Middle_Ages subject Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism.
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• Middle_Ages type Measure100033615.
• Middle_Ages type MiddleAge115153472.
• Middle_Ages type MiddleAges.
• Middle_Ages type TimeOfLife115144371.
• Middle_Ages type TimePeriod115113229.
• Middle_Ages comment "In European history, the Middle Ages, or Medieval period, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period.".
• Middle_Ages label "Edad Media".
• Middle_Ages label "Idade Média".
• Middle_Ages label "Medioevo".
• Middle_Ages label "Middeleeuwen".
• Middle_Ages label "Middle Ages".
• Middle_Ages label "Mittelalter".
• Middle_Ages label "Moyen Âge".
• Middle_Ages label "Średniowiecze".
• Middle_Ages label "Средние века".
• Middle_Ages label "عصور وسطى".
• Middle_Ages label "中世".
• Middle_Ages label "中世纪".
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• Middle_Ages sameAs 中世.
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• Middle_Ages sameAs Middeleeuwen.
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• Middle_Ages depiction JuengeresMathildenkreuz.jpg.
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