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Mohammad_Najibullah abstract "Dr. Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai (Pashto: محمد نجيب الله‎; August 6, 1947 – September 27, 1996), also known as Najibullah or Najib, was President of Afghanistan from 1987 until 1992, when the mujahideen took over Kabul. He had previously held different careers under the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was a graduate of Kabul University. Following the Saur Revolution, Najibullah was a low profile bureaucrat, who was sent into exile during Hafizullah Amin's rise to power as Ambassador to Iran. He returned to Afghanistan following the Soviet invasion which toppled Amin's rule and placed Babrak Karmal as head of state, party and government. During Karmal's rule, Najibullah became head of the KHAD, the Afghan equivalent to the Soviet KGB. He was a member of the Parcham faction led by Karmal.During Najibullah's tenure as KHAD head, it became one of the most efficient governmental organs. Because of this he gained the attention of several leading Soviet officials, such as Yuri Andropov, Dmitriy Ustinov and Boris Ponomarev. In 1981, Najibullah was appointed to the PDPA Politburo. In 1985 Najibullah stepped down as state security minister to focus on PDPA politics; he had been appointed to the PDPA Secretariat. Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet leader, was able to get Karmal to step down as PDPA General Secretary in 1986, and replace him with Najibullah. For a number of months Najibullah was locked in a power struggle against Karmal, who still retained his post of Chairman of the Revolutionary Council. Najibullah accused Karmal of trying to wreck his policy of National Reconciliation.During his tenure as leader of Afghanistan, the Soviets began their withdrawal, and from 1989 until 1992, his government tried to solve the ongoing civil war without Soviet troops on the ground. While direct Soviet assistance ended with the withdrawal, the Soviet Union still supported Najibullah with economic and military aid, while the United States continued its support for the mujahideen. Throughout his tenure, he tried to build support for his government. Najibullah even tried to portray his government as Islamic, and in the 1990 constitution the country officially became an Islamic state and all references of communism were removed. This change, coupled with others, did not win Najibullah any significant support. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, Najibullah was left without foreign aid. This, coupled with the internal collapse of his government, led to his ousting from power in April 1992. Najibullah lived in the United Nations headquarters in Kabul until 1996, when the Taliban took Kabul. Najibullah is said to have been castrated by the Taliban, and he was dragged behind a truck in the streets of Kabul before being publicly hanged.".
Mohammad_Najibullah activeYearsEndDate "1985-11-21".
Mohammad_Najibullah activeYearsEndDate "1992-04-16".
Mohammad_Najibullah activeYearsStartDate "1980-01-11".
Mohammad_Najibullah activeYearsStartDate "1986-05-04".
Mohammad_Najibullah activeYearsStartDate "1987-09-30".
Mohammad_Najibullah almaMater Kabul_University.
Mohammad_Najibullah birthDate "1947-08-06".
Mohammad_Najibullah birthPlace Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah birthPlace Gardez.
Mohammad_Najibullah birthPlace Kabul.
Mohammad_Najibullah birthPlace Kingdom_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah deathDate "1996-09-27".
Mohammad_Najibullah deathDate "1996-09-28".
Mohammad_Najibullah deathPlace Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah deathPlace Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah deathPlace Kabul.
Mohammad_Najibullah deathYear "1996".
Mohammad_Najibullah orderInOffice "(Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council until May 1988)".
Mohammad_Najibullah orderInOffice "General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Watan Party".
Mohammad_Najibullah orderInOffice "Minister of State Security".
Mohammad_Najibullah orderInOffice "President of the Republic of Afghanistan".
Mohammad_Najibullah party People's_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah religion Sunni_Islam.
Mohammad_Najibullah successor Abdul_Rahim_Hatef.
Mohammad_Najibullah successor Ghulam_Faruq_Yaqubi.
Mohammad_Najibullah viafId "19264640".
Mohammad_Najibullah wikiPageExternalLink najib.html.
Mohammad_Najibullah wikiPageID "20290".
Mohammad_Najibullah wikiPageRevisionID "603136226".
Mohammad_Najibullah almaMater Kabul_University.
Mohammad_Najibullah birthDate "1947-08-06".
Mohammad_Najibullah birthPlace Gardez.
Mohammad_Najibullah birthPlace Kingdom_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah dateOfBirth "1947".
Mohammad_Najibullah dateOfDeath "1996-09-28".
Mohammad_Najibullah deathDate "1996-09-27".
Mohammad_Najibullah deathPlace Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah deathPlace Kabul.
Mohammad_Najibullah hasPhotoCollection Mohammad_Najibullah.
Mohammad_Najibullah imageSize "200".
Mohammad_Najibullah name "Mohammad Najibullah".
Mohammad_Najibullah name "Najibullah".
Mohammad_Najibullah name "محمد نجيب الله".
Mohammad_Najibullah office "President of the Republic of Afghanistan".
Mohammad_Najibullah order KHAD.
Mohammad_Najibullah order "General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Watan Party".
Mohammad_Najibullah party People's_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah placeOfBirth Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah placeOfBirth Kabul.
Mohammad_Najibullah placeOfDeath "Kabul, Afghanistan".
Mohammad_Najibullah predecessor Babrak_Karmal.
Mohammad_Najibullah predecessor Haji_Mohammad_Chamkani.
Mohammad_Najibullah predecessor Asadullah_Amin.
Mohammad_Najibullah religion Sunni_Islam.
Mohammad_Najibullah shortDescription "President of Afghanistan from 1987 to 1992".
Mohammad_Najibullah successor Ghulam_Faruq_Yaqubi.
Mohammad_Najibullah successor "Abdul Rahim Hatef".
Mohammad_Najibullah successor "Office abolished".
Mohammad_Najibullah termEnd "1985-11-21".
Mohammad_Najibullah termEnd "1992-04-16".
Mohammad_Najibullah termStart "1980-01-11".
Mohammad_Najibullah termStart "1986-05-04".
Mohammad_Najibullah termStart "1987-09-30".
Mohammad_Najibullah title KHAD.
Mohammad_Najibullah title List_of_Presidents_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah title "Chairman of the Revolutionary Council".
Mohammad_Najibullah title "General Secretary of the Watan Party".
Mohammad_Najibullah wordnet_type synset-incumbent-noun-1.
Mohammad_Najibullah wordnet_type synset-president-noun-3.
Mohammad_Najibullah years "1980".
Mohammad_Najibullah years "1985".
Mohammad_Najibullah years "1986".
Mohammad_Najibullah years "1987".
Mohammad_Najibullah description "President of Afghanistan from 1987 to 1992".
Mohammad_Najibullah description "President of Afghanistan from 1987 to 1992".
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:1947_births.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:1996_deaths.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:20th-century_executions_by_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Afghan_murder_victims.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Afghan_physicians.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Ambassadors_of_Afghanistan_to_Iran.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Communist_rulers_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Executed_Afghan_people.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Executed_presidents.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Habibia_High_School_alumni.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Murdered_physicians.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Ousted_heads_of_state.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:Pashtun_people.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:People_executed_by_torture.
Mohammad_Najibullah subject Category:People_killed_by_the_Taliban.
Mohammad_Najibullah type Adult109605289.
Mohammad_Najibullah type AfghanMurderVictims.
Mohammad_Najibullah type AfghanPhysicians.
Mohammad_Najibullah type Ambassador109787534.
Mohammad_Najibullah type AmbassadorsOfAfghanistanToIran.
Mohammad_Najibullah type CausalAgent100007347.
Mohammad_Najibullah type Communicator109610660.
Mohammad_Najibullah type CommunistRulers.