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- Muscle_spindle abstract "Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle. They convey length information to the central nervous system via sensory neurons. This information can be processed by the brain to determine the position of body parts. The responses of muscle spindles to changes in length also play an important role in regulating the contraction of muscles, by activating motoneurons via the stretch reflex to resist muscle stretch.Muscle spindles are found within the belly of muscles, embedded in extrafusal muscle fibers. Note that "fusus" is the Latin word for spindle. Muscle spindles are composed of 3-12 intrafusal muscle fibers, of which there are three types: dynamic nuclear bag fibers (bag1 fibers) static nuclear bag fibers (bag2 fibers) nuclear chain fibers and the axons of sensory neurons.Axons of gamma motoneurons also terminate in muscle spindles; they make synapses at either or both of the ends of the intrafusal muscle fibers and regulate the sensitivity of the sensory afferents, which are located in the non-contractile central (equatorial) region.Muscle spindles are encapsulated by connective tissue, and are aligned parallel to extrafusal muscle fibers, unlike Golgi tendon organs, which are oriented in series.The muscle spindle has both sensory and motor components. Primary and secondary sensory nerve fibers spiral around and terminate on the central portions of the intrafusal muscle fibers, providing the sensory component of the structure via stretch-sensitive ion-channels of the axons. In mammals including humans, the motor component is provided by up to a dozen gamma motoneurons and to a lesser extent by one or two beta motoneurons. Gamma and beta motoneurons are called fusimotor neurons, because they activate the intrafusal muscle fibers. Gamma motoneurons innervate only intrafusal muscle fibers, whereas beta motoneurons innervate both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers and so are referred to as skeletofusimotor neurons.Fusimotor drive causes a contraction and stiffening of the end portions of the intrafusal muscle fibers.Fusimotor neurons are classified as static or dynamic according to the type of intrafusal muscle fibers they innervate and their physiological effects on the responses of the Ia and II sensory neurons innervating the central, non-contractile part of the muscle spindle. The static axons innervate the chain or bag2 fibers. They increase the firing rate of Ia and II afferents at a given muscle length (see schematic of fusimotor action below). The dynamic axons innervate the bag1 intrafusal muscle fibers. They increase the stretch-sensitivity of the Ia afferents by stiffening the bag1 intrafusal fibers.↑".
- Muscle_spindle thumbnail Muscle_spindle_model.jpg?width=300.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageExternalLink index.php?title=Spastic_paralysis&redirect=no.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageExternalLink research_interactive_receptor_model.html.
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageID "545782".
- Muscle_spindle wikiPageRevisionID "595635009".
- Muscle_spindle code "TH H3.11.06.0.00018".
- Muscle_spindle hasPhotoCollection Muscle_spindle.
- Muscle_spindle latin "fusus neuromuscularis".
- Muscle_spindle subject Category:Sensory_systems.
- Muscle_spindle type Abstraction100002137.
- Muscle_spindle type Anatomy106057539.
- Muscle_spindle type Biology106037666.
- Muscle_spindle type Cognition100023271.
- Muscle_spindle type Content105809192.
- Muscle_spindle type Discipline105996646.
- Muscle_spindle type KnowledgeDomain105999266.
- Muscle_spindle type LifeScience106037298.
- Muscle_spindle type Morphology106078327.
- Muscle_spindle type NaturalScience106000400.
- Muscle_spindle type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Muscle_spindle type Science105999797.
- Muscle_spindle type AnatomicalStructure.
- Muscle_spindle type BiologicalObject.
- Muscle_spindle comment "Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle. They convey length information to the central nervous system via sensory neurons. This information can be processed by the brain to determine the position of body parts.".
- Muscle_spindle label "Fuseau neuromusculaire".
- Muscle_spindle label "Fuso muscular".
- Muscle_spindle label "Fuso neuromuscolare".
- Muscle_spindle label "Huso neuromuscular".
- Muscle_spindle label "Muscle spindle".
- Muscle_spindle label "Muskelspindel".
- Muscle_spindle label "Spierspoeltjes".
- Muscle_spindle label "Wrzecionko nerwowo-mięśniowe".
- Muscle_spindle label "Нервно-мышечное веретено".
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Svalové_vřeténko.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Muskelspindel.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Huso_neuromuscular.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Fuseau_neuromusculaire.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Fuso_neuromuscolare.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Spierspoeltjes.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Wrzecionko_nerwowo-mięśniowe.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Fuso_muscular.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs m.02nnmj.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Q1414096.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Q1414096.
- Muscle_spindle sameAs Muscle_spindle.
- Muscle_spindle wasDerivedFrom Muscle_spindle?oldid=595635009.
- Muscle_spindle depiction Muscle_spindle_model.jpg.
- Muscle_spindle isPrimaryTopicOf Muscle_spindle.
