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- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect abstract "The Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) is the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one nuclear spin population to another via cross-relaxation. It is a common phenomenon observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The theoretical basis for the NOE was described and experimentally verified by Anderson and Freeman in 1962. The NOE is an extension of the seminal work of American physicist Albert Overhauser who in 1953 proposed that nuclear spin polarization could be enhanced by the microwave irradiation of the conduction electrons in certain metals. The general Overhauser effect was first demonstrated experimentally by T. R. Carver and C. P. Slichter, also in 1953. Another early explanation and experimental observation of the NOE was by Kaiser in 1963 in an NMR experiment where the spin polarization was transferred from one population of nuclear spins to another, rather than from electron spins to nuclear spins. However, the theoretical basis and the applicable Solomon equations had already been published by Ionel Solomon in 1955.Subsequent to its discovery, the NOE was shown to be highly useful in NMR spectroscopy for characterizing and refining organic chemical structures. In this application, the NOE differs from the application of spin-spin coupling in that the NOE occurs through space, not through chemical bonds. Thus, atoms that are in close proximity to each other can give a NOE, whereas spin coupling is observed only when the atoms are connected by 2–3 chemical bonds. The inter-atomic distances derived from the observed NOE can often help to confirm a precise molecular conformation, i.e. the three-dimensional structure of a molecule. In 2002, Kurt Wüthrich was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for demonstrating that the NOE could be exploited using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy to determine the three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules in solution.Some examples of two-dimensional NMR experimental techniques exploiting the NOE include:NOESY, Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, determination of the relative orientations of atoms in a molecule, producing a three-dimensional structureHOESY, Heteronuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, or NOESY cross-correlation between atoms of different elementsROESY, Rotational Frame Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, spin-locking the magnetization to prevent it from going to zero, applied for molecules for which regular NOESY is not applicableTRNOE, Transferred Nuclear Overhauser Effect, measuring the NOE between two different molecules interacting in the same solution, as in a ligand binding to a proteinDPFGSE-NOE, Double Pulsed Field Gradient Spin Echo NOE experiment, a transient experiment that allows for suppression of strong signals and thus detection of very small NOEs.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect wikiPageID "335612".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect wikiPageRevisionID "605063547".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect hasPhotoCollection Nuclear_Overhauser_effect.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect subject Category:Chemical_physics.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect subject Category:Nuclear_magnetic_resonance.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect subject Category:Spectroscopy.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect comment "The Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) is the transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one nuclear spin population to another via cross-relaxation. It is a common phenomenon observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The theoretical basis for the NOE was described and experimentally verified by Anderson and Freeman in 1962.".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "Efeito Overhauser".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "Effet Overhauser nucléaire".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "Effetto nucleare Overhauser".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "Jądrowy efekt Overhausera".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "Kern-Overhauser-Effekt".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "Nuclear Overhauser effect".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "Эффект Оверхаузера".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect label "オーバーハウザー効果".
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs Kern-Overhauser-Effekt.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs Effet_Overhauser_nucléaire.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs Effetto_nucleare_Overhauser.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs オーバーハウザー効果.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs Jądrowy_efekt_Overhausera.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs Efeito_Overhauser.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs m.01xg69.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs Q901095.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect sameAs Q901095.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect wasDerivedFrom Nuclear_Overhauser_effect?oldid=605063547.
- Nuclear_Overhauser_effect isPrimaryTopicOf Nuclear_Overhauser_effect.