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- Nuclear_fusion abstract "In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the matter of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy). Fusion is the process that powers active or "main sequence" stars.The fusion of two nuclei with lower masses than iron (which, along with nickel, has the largest binding energy per nucleon) generally releases energy, while the fusion of nuclei heavier than iron absorbs energy. The opposite is true for the reverse process, nuclear fission. This means that fusion generally occurs for lighter elements only, and likewise, that fission normally occurs only for heavier elements. There are extreme astrophysical events that can lead to short periods of fusion with heavier nuclei. This is the process that gives rise to nucleosynthesis, the creation of the heavy elements during events such as supernovae. Following the discovery of quantum tunneling by Friedrich Hund, in 1929 Robert Atkinson and Fritz Houtermans used the measured masses of light elements to predict that large amounts of energy could be released by fusing small nuclei. Building upon the nuclear transmutation experiments by Ernest Rutherford, carried out several years earlier, the laboratory fusion of hydrogen isotopes was first accomplished by Mark Oliphant in 1932. During the remainder of that decade the steps of the main cycle of nuclear fusion in stars were worked out by Hans Bethe. Research into fusion for military purposes began in the early 1940s as part of the Manhattan Project. Fusion was accomplished in 1951 with the Greenhouse Item nuclear test. Nuclear fusion on a large scale in an explosion was first carried out on November 1, 1952, in the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb test.Research into developing controlled thermonuclear fusion for civil purposes also began in earnest in the 1950s, and it continues to this day. Two projects, the National Ignition Facility and ITER, have the goal of high gains, that is, producing more energy than required to ignite the reaction, after 60 years of design improvements developed from previous experiments.[citation needed] While these ICF and Tokamak designs became popular in recent times, experiments with Stellarators are gaining international scientific attention again, like Wendelstein 7-X in Greifswald, Germany.".
- Nuclear_fusion thumbnail The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA's_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg?width=300.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink nph-bib_query?bibcode=1995PhDT........45R&db_key=PHY&data_type=HTML&format=.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink Fusion.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink videoplay?docid=1996321846673788606&q=engedu.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink pr577_1.pdf.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink www.fusion.org.uk.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink file_38224.pdf.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink www.iter.org.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink www.jet.efda.org.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink www.nuclearfiles.org.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink what-is-fusion.htm.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageExternalLink 0-19-856264-0.pdf.
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageID "21544".
- Nuclear_fusion wikiPageRevisionID "606174908".
- Nuclear_fusion hasPhotoCollection Nuclear_fusion.
- Nuclear_fusion subject Category:Concepts_in_physics.
- Nuclear_fusion subject Category:Energy_conversion.
- Nuclear_fusion subject Category:Nuclear_chemistry.
- Nuclear_fusion subject Category:Nuclear_fusion.
- Nuclear_fusion subject Category:Nuclear_physics.
- Nuclear_fusion comment "In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the matter of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy).".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Fusion nucléaire".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Fusione nucleare".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Fusión nuclear".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Fusão nuclear".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Kernfusie".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Kernfusion".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Nuclear fusion".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Reakcja termojądrowa".
- Nuclear_fusion label "Термоядерная реакция".
- Nuclear_fusion label "اندماج نووي".
- Nuclear_fusion label "原子核融合".
- Nuclear_fusion label "核聚变".
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Termonukleární_fúze.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Kernfusion.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Πυρηνική_σύντηξη.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Fusión_nuclear.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Fusio_nuklear.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Fusion_nucléaire.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Fusi_nuklir.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Fusione_nucleare.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs 原子核融合.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs 핵융합.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Kernfusie.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Reakcja_termojądrowa.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Fusão_nuclear.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs m.05dnl.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Q13082.
- Nuclear_fusion sameAs Q13082.
- Nuclear_fusion wasDerivedFrom Nuclear_fusion?oldid=606174908.
- Nuclear_fusion depiction The_Sun_by_the_Atmospheric_Imaging_Assembly_of_NASA's_Solar_Dynamics_Observatory_-_20100819.jpg.
- Nuclear_fusion isPrimaryTopicOf Nuclear_fusion.
