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• Nuclear_weapon_design abstract "Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate. There are four basic design types. In all except the last, the explosive energy of deployed devices is derived primarily from nuclear fission, not fusion. Pure fission weapons were the first nuclear weapons built and have so far been the only type ever used in warfare. The active material is fissile uranium (uranium with a high percentage of U-235) or plutonium (Pu-239), explosively assembled into a chain-reacting critical mass by one of two methods:Gun assembly: one piece of fissile uranium is fired at a fissile uranium target at the end of the weapon, similar to firing a bullet down a gun barrel, achieving critical mass when combined.Implosion: a fissile mass of either material (U-235, Pu-239, or a combination) is surrounded by high explosives that compress the mass, resulting in criticality.The implosion method can use either uranium or plutonium as fuel. The gun method only uses uranium. Plutonium is considered impractical for the gun method because of early triggering due to Pu-240 contamination and due to its time constant for prompt critical fission being much shorter than that of U-235.Boosted fission weapons improve on the implosion design. The high pressure and temperature environment at the center of an exploding fission weapon compresses and heats a mixture of tritium and deuterium gas (heavy isotopes of hydrogen). The hydrogen fuses to form helium and free neutrons. The energy release from this fusion reaction is relatively negligible, but each neutron starts a new fission chain reaction, speeding up the fission and greatly reducing the amount of fissile material that would otherwise be wasted when expansion of the fissile material stops the chain reaction. Boosting can more than double the weapon's fission energy release.Two-stage thermonuclear weapons are essentially a chain of fusion-boosted fission weapons, usually with only two stages in the chain. The secondary stage is imploded by x-ray energy from the first stage, called the "primary." This radiation implosion is much more effective than the high-explosive implosion of the primary. Consequently, the secondary can be many times more powerful than the primary, without being bigger. The secondary can be designed to maximize fusion energy release, but in most designs fusion is employed only to drive or enhance fission, as it is in the primary. More stages could be added, but the result would be a multi-megaton weapon too powerful to serve any plausible purpose. (The United States briefly deployed a three-stage 25-megaton bomb, the B41, starting in 1961. Also in 1961, the Soviet Union tested, but did not deploy, a three-stage 50–100 megaton device, Tsar Bomba.)Pure fusion weapons have not been invented. Such weapons, though, would produce far less radioactive fallout than current designs, although they would release huge amounts of neutrons.Pure fission weapons historically have been the first type to be built by a nation state. Large industrial states with well-developed nuclear arsenals have two-stage thermonuclear weapons, which are the most compact, scalable, and cost effective option once the necessary industrial infrastructure is built.Most known innovations in nuclear weapon design originated in the United States, although some were later developed independently by other states; the following descriptions feature U.S. designs.In early news accounts, pure fission weapons were called atomic bombs or A-bombs, a misnomer since the energy comes only from the nucleus of the atom. Weapons involving fusion were called hydrogen bombs or H-bombs, also a misnomer since their energy comes mostly from fission. Insiders favored the terms nuclear and thermonuclear, respectively.The term thermonuclear refers to the high temperatures required to initiate fusion. It ignores the equally important factor of pressure, which was considered secret at the time the term became current. Many nuclear weapon terms are similarly inaccurate because of their origin in a classified environment.".
• Nuclear_weapon_design thumbnail Trinity_Gadget.png?width=300.
• Nuclear_weapon_design wikiPageExternalLink Nuclear+Weapons+Design.
• Nuclear_weapon_design wikiPageExternalLink fas.org.
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• Nuclear_weapon_design wikiPageID "172911".
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• Nuclear_weapon_design subject Category:Nuclear_weapon_design.
• Nuclear_weapon_design comment "Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate. There are four basic design types. In all except the last, the explosive energy of deployed devices is derived primarily from nuclear fission, not fusion. Pure fission weapons were the first nuclear weapons built and have so far been the only type ever used in warfare.".
• Nuclear_weapon_design label "Desenho de arma nuclear".
• Nuclear_weapon_design label "Diseño de armas nucleares".
• Nuclear_weapon_design label "Kernwaffentechnik".
• Nuclear_weapon_design label "Nuclear weapon design".
• Nuclear_weapon_design label "Types d'armes nucléaires".
• Nuclear_weapon_design label "核武器设计方案".
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs Kernwaffentechnik.
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs Diseño_de_armas_nucleares.
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs Types_d'armes_nucléaires.
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs 핵무기_설계.
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs Desenho_de_arma_nuclear.
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs m.017994.
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs Q15221814.
• Nuclear_weapon_design sameAs Q15221814.
• Nuclear_weapon_design wasDerivedFrom Nuclear_weapon_design?oldid=605565773.
• Nuclear_weapon_design depiction Trinity_Gadget.png.
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