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• Onchocerca_volvulus abstract "Onchocerca volvulus is a nematode that causes onchocerciasis or "river blindness" mostly in Africa. Long-term corneal inflammation, or keratitis, leads to thickening of the corneal stroma which ultimately leads to blindness. Humans are the only definitive host for O. volvulus. The intermediate host or vector is the black fly (Simulium). O. volvulus, along with most filarial nematodes, share an endosymbiotic relationship with the bacterium Wolbachia. In the absence of Wolbachia, larval development of the O. volvulus is disrupted or ceased.The life cycle of O. volvulus begins when a parasitised female black fly of the genus Simulium takes a blood meal. The microfilariae form of the parasite found in the dermis of the host is ingested by the black fly. Here the microfilariae then penetrates the gut and migrates to thoracic flight muscles of the black fly, entering its first larval phase (J1). After maturing into J2, the second larval phase, it migrates to the proboscis where it can be found in the saliva. Saliva containing stage three (J3S) O. volvulus larvae passes into the blood of the host. From here the larvae migrate to the subcutaneous tissue where they form nodules and then mature into adult worms over a period of six to twelve months. After maturation, the smaller adult males migrate from nodules to subcutaneous tissue where they mate with the larger adult females, which then produce between 1,000 and 3,000 microfilariae per day. The normal adult worm lifespan is up to fifteen years. The eggs mature internally to form stage one microfilariae, which are released from the female's body one at a time and remain in the subcutaneous tissue.These stage one microfilariae are taken up by black flies upon a blood meal, in which they mature over the course of one to three weeks to stage three larvae, thereby completing the life cycle.The normal microfilariae lifespan is 1–2 years; however, their presence in the bloodstream causes little or no immune response until death or degradation of the microfilariae or adult worms.".
• Onchocerca_volvulus binomialAuthority Carol_Bickel.
• Onchocerca_volvulus class Secernentea.
• Onchocerca_volvulus family Onchocercidae.
• Onchocerca_volvulus genus Onchocerca.
• Onchocerca_volvulus kingdom Animal.
• Onchocerca_volvulus order Spirurida.
• Onchocerca_volvulus phylum Nematode.
• Onchocerca_volvulus thumbnail Onchocerca_volvulus_01.jpg?width=300.
• Onchocerca_volvulus wikiPageID "1877407".
• Onchocerca_volvulus wikiPageRevisionID "601244463".
• Onchocerca_volvulus binomial "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus binomialAuthority "Bickel, 1982".
• Onchocerca_volvulus classis Secernentea.
• Onchocerca_volvulus familia Onchocercidae.
• Onchocerca_volvulus genus "Onchocerca".
• Onchocerca_volvulus hasPhotoCollection Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus imageCaption "O. volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness".
• Onchocerca_volvulus name "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus ordo Spirurida.
• Onchocerca_volvulus phylum Nematode.
• Onchocerca_volvulus regnum "Animalia".
• Onchocerca_volvulus species "O. volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus subject Category:Animals_described_in_1982.
• Onchocerca_volvulus subject Category:Parasites_of_humans.
• Onchocerca_volvulus subject Category:Parasitic_nematodes.
• Onchocerca_volvulus subject Category:Spirurida.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Animal100015388.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type AnimalsDescribedIn1982.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Invertebrate101905661.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type LivingThing100004258.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Nematode101930112.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Nematodes.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Object100002684.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Organism100004475.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Parasite101384687.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Parasites.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Whole100003553.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Worm101922303.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Animal.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Eukaryote.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Species.
• Onchocerca_volvulus type Organism.
• Onchocerca_volvulus comment "Onchocerca volvulus is a nematode that causes onchocerciasis or "river blindness" mostly in Africa. Long-term corneal inflammation, or keratitis, leads to thickening of the corneal stroma which ultimately leads to blindness. Humans are the only definitive host for O. volvulus. The intermediate host or vector is the black fly (Simulium). O. volvulus, along with most filarial nematodes, share an endosymbiotic relationship with the bacterium Wolbachia.".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "Onchocerca volvulus".
• Onchocerca_volvulus label "كلابية الذنب المتلوية".
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Onchocerca_volvulus.
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• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs m.0642w3z.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Q137224.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Q137224.
• Onchocerca_volvulus sameAs Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus wasDerivedFrom Onchocerca_volvulus?oldid=601244463.
• Onchocerca_volvulus depiction Onchocerca_volvulus_01.jpg.
• Onchocerca_volvulus isPrimaryTopicOf Onchocerca_volvulus.
• Onchocerca_volvulus name "Onchocerca volvulus".