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• Operation_Berkshire abstract "Operation Berkshire is the name of a program initiated in 1976 by seven of the world's major tobacco companies aimed at promoting "controversy" over smoking and disease.At the invitation of the Chairman of Imperial Tobacco, the CEOs of the tobacco companies met in secret in June 1977 in the United Kingdom "to develop a defensive smoking and health strategy, to avoid our countries and/or companies being picked off one by one, with a resultant domino effect." They agreed to create a front organization, the International Committee on Smoking Issues (ICOSI) (renamed the International Tobacco Information Centre, INFOTAB, in 1981), which operated through an internationally coordinated network of national manufacturers' associationsto retard measures for tobacco control.The purpose of ICOSI/INFOTAB is best described in a document entitled "Conspiracy Notebook" produced by Brown & Williamson in the context of the US racketeering lawsuit against tobacco companies:The American tobacco industry, working with its counterparts in other countries around the world, organised ICOSI, later renamed INFOTAB for the purpose of coordinating the worldwide response of the industry to anti-tobacco activities. INFOTAB was used to formulate and publish a consensus position on the part of theindustry. It monitored anti-tobacco organizations. It created an information service for the purpose of accumulating and disseminating intelligence on anti-smoking activities. It was used to identify and enlist allies around the world for the tobacco industry, to perform studies and research whose results would be helpful, and to rebut data and allegations from anti-smoking forces. The organization worked closely with TI [the Tobacco Institute, an industry front organization disbanded in 1998] in carrying out this mission. The conspiracy was discovered in November 1998, as part of the Master Settlement Agreement between the U.S. tobacco industry and various states' attorneys general. U.S. tobacco companies were compelled to publicly disclose approximately 40 million pages of previously confidential documents. During the course of the Minnesota Attorney General litigation (State of Minnesota, et al.) the district court ordered the domestic parties to establish a document depository in Minnesota for the documents produced in that action.Operation Berkshire was created as a unified defensive strategy among international tobacco companies. The code name was initially suggested in a confidential memorandum to the then President of Philip Morris International, Hugh Cullman, by the then Chairman of Imperial Tobacco in the UK, A. G. (Tony) Garrett. The plan formed when major tobacco companies met together to form a unified defense against anti-smoking legislation. They agreed that they would not voluntarily make certain concessions about smoking and, if legislation was passed to force them, they would agree to sue. In particular, they decided that they would not concede the point that smoking has adverse health effects and would instead attempt to create controversy, lest they be held legally liable for the deaths of smokers. They also formulated coordinated activities to promote the social acceptability of smoking.Similar behavior was demonstrated by the top seven biggest U.S. tobacco company CEOs, dubbed the "seven dwarfs", testifying together before the U.S. Congress during a hearing on the regulation of tobacco products on April 14, 1994, in which they collectively denied, under oath, the addictive nature of nicotine[1], despite at least one published New York Times report at the time claiming that it has the ability to be more addictive than heroin, cocaine or amphetamines.".
• Operation_Berkshire wikiPageExternalLink ft8489p25j.
• Operation_Berkshire wikiPageExternalLink www.tobaccoarchives.com.
• Operation_Berkshire wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=jQUNk5meJHs.
• Operation_Berkshire wikiPageID "6010411".
• Operation_Berkshire wikiPageRevisionID "602685881".
• Operation_Berkshire hasPhotoCollection Operation_Berkshire.
• Operation_Berkshire subject Category:Cigarettes.
• Operation_Berkshire subject Category:Tobacco.
• Operation_Berkshire subject Category:Tobacco_in_the_United_States.
• Operation_Berkshire type Abstraction100002137.
• Operation_Berkshire type Agent114778436.
• Operation_Berkshire type CausalAgent100007347.
• Operation_Berkshire type Cigarette103030663.
• Operation_Berkshire type Cigarettes.
• Operation_Berkshire type Drug103247620.
• Operation_Berkshire type DrugOfAbuse103248958.
• Operation_Berkshire type Material114580897.
• Operation_Berkshire type Matter100020827.
• Operation_Berkshire type Part113809207.
• Operation_Berkshire type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Operation_Berkshire type PlantMaterial114991712.
• Operation_Berkshire type PlantProduct114991927.
• Operation_Berkshire type Relation100031921.
• Operation_Berkshire type RollOfTobacco104103491.
• Operation_Berkshire type Substance100019613.
• Operation_Berkshire type Substance100020090.
• Operation_Berkshire type Tobacco104442831.
• Operation_Berkshire comment "Operation Berkshire is the name of a program initiated in 1976 by seven of the world's major tobacco companies aimed at promoting "controversy" over smoking and disease.At the invitation of the Chairman of Imperial Tobacco, the CEOs of the tobacco companies met in secret in June 1977 in the United Kingdom "to develop a defensive smoking and health strategy, to avoid our countries and/or companies being picked off one by one, with a resultant domino effect." They agreed to create a front organization, the International Committee on Smoking Issues (ICOSI) (renamed the International Tobacco Information Centre, INFOTAB, in 1981), which operated through an internationally coordinated network of national manufacturers' associationsto retard measures for tobacco control.The purpose of ICOSI/INFOTAB is best described in a document entitled "Conspiracy Notebook" produced by Brown & Williamson in the context of the US racketeering lawsuit against tobacco companies:The American tobacco industry, working with its counterparts in other countries around the world, organised ICOSI, later renamed INFOTAB for the purpose of coordinating the worldwide response of the industry to anti-tobacco activities. ".
• Operation_Berkshire label "Operation Berkshire".
• Operation_Berkshire sameAs m.0fkfq_.
• Operation_Berkshire sameAs Q7096799.
• Operation_Berkshire sameAs Q7096799.
• Operation_Berkshire sameAs Operation_Berkshire.
• Operation_Berkshire wasDerivedFrom Operation_Berkshire?oldid=602685881.
• Operation_Berkshire isPrimaryTopicOf Operation_Berkshire.