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• Operation_Crossroads abstract "Operation Crossroads was a series of two nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946. They were the first nuclear weapon tests since Trinity in July 1945, and the first detonations of nuclear devices since the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The purpose of the tests was to investigate the effect of nuclear weapons on warships.The Crossroads tests were the first of many nuclear tests held in the Marshall Islands, and the first to be publicly announced beforehand and observed by an invited audience, including a large press corps. They were conducted by Joint Army/Navy Task Force One, headed by Vice Admiral William H. P. Blandy, rather than by the Manhattan Project, which had developed nuclear weapons during World War II. A fleet of 95 target ships was assembled in Bikini Lagoon and hit with two detonations of Fat Man plutonium implosion-type nuclear weapons of the kind dropped on Nagasaki, each with a yield of 23 kilotons of TNT (96 TJ).The first test was Able. The bomb, named Gilda after Rita Hayworth's character in the 1946 eponymous film, was dropped from the B-29 Superfortress Dave's Dream of the 509th Bombardment Group on July 1, 1946, and detonated 520 feet (158 m) above the target fleet. It caused less than the expected amount of ship damage because it missed its aim point by 2,130 feet (649 m). The second test was Baker. The bomb, known as Helen of Bikini, was detonated 90 feet (27 m) underwater on July 25, 1946. Radioactive sea spray caused extensive contamination. A third deep water test, Charlie, planned for 1947, was canceled primarily because of the United States Navy's inability to decontaminate the target ships after the Baker test. Ultimately, only nine target ships were able to be scrapped rather than scuttled. Charlie was rescheduled as Operation Wigwam, a deep water shot conducted in 1955 off the California coast.Bikini's native residents agreed to evacuate the island, with most moving to the Rongerik Atoll. Later, in the 1950s, a series of large thermonuclear tests rendered Bikini unfit for subsistence farming and fishing. Because of radioactive contamination, Bikini remains uninhabited as of 2013, though it is occasionally visited by sport divers. Although planners attempted to protect participants in the Operation Crossroads tests against radiation sickness, one study showed that the life expectancy of participants was reduced by an average of three months. The Baker test's radioactive contamination of all the target ships was the first case of immediate, concentrated radioactive fallout from a nuclear explosion. Chemist Glenn T. Seaborg, the longest-serving chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, called Baker "the world's first nuclear disaster."".
• Operation_Crossroads thumbnail Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg?width=300.
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• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageExternalLink DNATR8205V1.pdf.
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• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageExternalLink DNATR84119.pdf.
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• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageExternalLink bikini1.htm.
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• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageExternalLink bikini.html.
• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageExternalLink catalog.php?record_id=5428.
• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
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• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageID "227519".
• Operation_Crossroads wikiPageRevisionID "605906548".
• Operation_Crossroads country "United States".
• Operation_Crossroads hasPhotoCollection Operation_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads id "1946-06-13".
• Operation_Crossroads id "1946-07-01".
• Operation_Crossroads id "1946-07-08".
• Operation_Crossroads id "AtomBomb1946".
• Operation_Crossroads id "gov.doe.0800002".
• Operation_Crossroads id "gov.ntis.ava13712vnb1".
• Operation_Crossroads name "Atom Bomb [Joe Bonica's Movie of the Month]".
• Operation_Crossroads name "Atom Test Nears, 1946/06/13".
• Operation_Crossroads name "First Pictures Atomic Blast!, 1946/07/08".
• Operation_Crossroads name "Nuclear Test Film – Project Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads name "Operation Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads name "Operations Crossroads Underway, 1946/07/01".
• Operation_Crossroads name "Operations Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads nextSeries Operation_Sandstone.
• Operation_Crossroads numberOfTests "2".
• Operation_Crossroads period "1946".
• Operation_Crossroads picture "Operation Crossroads Baker Edit.jpg".
• Operation_Crossroads pictureDescription "--07-25".
• Operation_Crossroads previousSeries Trinity_(nuclear_test).
• Operation_Crossroads testSite "NE Lagoon, Bikini Atoll".
• Operation_Crossroads testType "Free fall air drop, Underwater".
• Operation_Crossroads subject Category:1946_in_military_history.
• Operation_Crossroads subject Category:1946_in_the_Marshall_Islands.
• Operation_Crossroads subject Category:Bikini_Atoll_nuclear_explosive_tests.
• Operation_Crossroads subject Category:Code_names.
• Operation_Crossroads subject Category:Forced_migration.
• Operation_Crossroads subject Category:Military_projects_of_the_United_States.
• Operation_Crossroads type Abstraction100002137.
• Operation_Crossroads type Act100030358.
• Operation_Crossroads type Activity100407535.
• Operation_Crossroads type AmericanNuclearExplosiveTests.
• Operation_Crossroads type Cognition100023271.
• Operation_Crossroads type Event100029378.
• Operation_Crossroads type Experiment105798043.
• Operation_Crossroads type HigherCognitiveProcess105770664.
• Operation_Crossroads type Inquiry105797597.
• Operation_Crossroads type MilitaryProjectsOfTheUnitedStates.
• Operation_Crossroads type ProblemSolving105796750.
• Operation_Crossroads type Process105701363.
• Operation_Crossroads type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
• Operation_Crossroads type Thinking105770926.
• Operation_Crossroads type Trial105799212.
• Operation_Crossroads type Undertaking100795720.
• Operation_Crossroads type Work100575741.
• Operation_Crossroads type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
• Operation_Crossroads type Film.
• Operation_Crossroads type Work.
• Operation_Crossroads type Wikidata:Q11424.
• Operation_Crossroads type CreativeWork.
• Operation_Crossroads type Movie.
• Operation_Crossroads type InformationEntity.
• Operation_Crossroads comment "Operation Crossroads was a series of two nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946. They were the first nuclear weapon tests since Trinity in July 1945, and the first detonations of nuclear devices since the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Operación Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Operacja Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Operation Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Operation Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Operation Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Operazione Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Operação Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Opération Crossroads".
• Operation_Crossroads label "Операция «Crossroads»".
• Operation_Crossroads label "クロスロード作戦".
• Operation_Crossroads label "十字路口行动".
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Operace_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Operation_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Operación_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Opération_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Operazione_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs クロスロード作戦.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Operation_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Operacja_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Operação_Crossroads.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs m.01h4ry.
• Operation_Crossroads sameAs Q569545.

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