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- Orphan_gene abstract "Orphan genes are genes that do not share homologues in genomes of other organisms. This means that they cannot be linked to other lineages based on gene sequences. Depending on what analysis of known species’ genomes that is examined, it will indicate orphan genes constitute somewhere between 1-30% of the functional genes in the genome, where 10-20% as the most accepted range. There is no correlation between the complexity of an organism and the amount of its genome that is orphan genes. It should also be noted that the proportion of orphan genes is independent of genome size.In order to be considered an orphan gene, the gene must be encoding a protein that lacks homology to any predicted peptide from other genomes of similar species (such as other species in the same phylum). Scientists then also apply a couple filters to the gene to weed out false positives, including eliminating genes that were similar in other taxonomic divisions or could be potentially from genomes that have not been sequenced yet.There are a couple more specific groups within orphan genes. One of these is taxonomically-restricted genes. (aka TRGs) This group compares the distribution of the genes in comparison to gene sequences in other species’ genomes. TRGs are synonymous with the term lineage-specific genes. Orphan genes could also be taxon-specific orphan genes (TSOGs), which are characterized by the lack of homology to genes outside of a focal taxonomic group. TSOGs are different than TRGs only by the parameters outlined by the scientists who are analyzing a group of genomes. Another group is species-specific orphan genes (SSOGs), which are TSOGs that do not share homology with any gene in any species. Any TSOG can be moved out of this grouping as soon as distant homology is proven.Orphan genes are a previously unexplored sector of the world of biology that potentially can offer scientists much more and constitute a rich source of discovery. A neuropharmacologist and his team studying orphan genes said “The challenge is to figure out what it is doing. That's what really drives us." They are rather unusual compared to the lineage-specific genes that are studied frequently in evolution. The commonly accepted model of evolution is significantly based on duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of genes with the idea of common descent. This fits with lineage-specific genes but not quite with orphan genes. Understanding orphan genes can help adapt the working model of evolution. This helps explain why evolutionary biologists can be fascinated with orphan genes. However, they have comparatively received a relatively small amount of attention compared to lineage-specific genes. This could be because the only biological purpose of orphan genes that is currently known is that they are adaptively useful for organisms to evolve. This has been proven by the gene contents of bacterial genomes varying greatly amongst species and is well accepted in the scientific community. This is all intriguing, but the study of lineage-specific genes has generated much more interest in the scientific community because their causes and effects are easier to determine.".
- Orphan_gene wikiPageID "11241418".
- Orphan_gene wikiPageRevisionID "601943999".
- Orphan_gene hasPhotoCollection Orphan_gene.
- Orphan_gene subject Category:Evolution.
- Orphan_gene subject Category:Genomics.
- Orphan_gene comment "Orphan genes are genes that do not share homologues in genomes of other organisms. This means that they cannot be linked to other lineages based on gene sequences. Depending on what analysis of known species’ genomes that is examined, it will indicate orphan genes constitute somewhere between 1-30% of the functional genes in the genome, where 10-20% as the most accepted range. There is no correlation between the complexity of an organism and the amount of its genome that is orphan genes.".
- Orphan_gene label "Orphan gene".
- Orphan_gene sameAs m.02r4tfw.
- Orphan_gene sameAs Q3826287.
- Orphan_gene sameAs Q3826287.
- Orphan_gene wasDerivedFrom Orphan_gene?oldid=601943999.
- Orphan_gene isPrimaryTopicOf Orphan_gene.