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• PEP_group_translocation abstract "PEP group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known as multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm. An example of this transport is found in E. coli cells. The system was discovered by Saul Roseman in 1964.The phosphotransferase system is involved in transporting many sugars into bacteria, including glucose, mannose, fructose and cellobiose. PTS sugars can differ between bacterial groups, mirroring the most suitable carbon sources available in the environment every group evolved. The phosphoryl group on PEP is eventually transferred to the imported sugar via several proteins. The phosphoryl group is transferred to the Enzyme E I (EI), Histidine Protein (HPr, Heat-stable Protein) and Enzyme E II (EII) to a conserved histidine residue, whereas in the Enzyme E II B (EIIB) the phosphoryl group is usually transferred to a cysteine residue and rarely to a histidine.In the process of glucose PTS transport specific of enteric bacteria, PEP transfers its phosphoryl to a histidine residue on EI. EI in turn transfers the phosphate to HPr. From HPr the phosphoryl is transferred to EIIA. EIIA is specific for glucose and it further transfers the phosphoryl group to a juxtamembrane EIIB. Finally, EIIB phosphorylates glucose as it crosses the plasma membrane through the transmembrane Enzyme II C (EIIC), forming glucose-6-phosphate. The benefit of transforming glucose into glucose-6-phosphate is that it will not leak out of the cell, therefore providing a one-way concentration gradient of glucose. The HPr is common to the phosphotransferase systems of the other substrates mentioned earlier, as is the upstream EI.Proteins downstream of HPr tend to vary between the different sugars. The transfer of a phosphate group to the substrate once it has been imported through the membrane transporter prevents the transporter from recognizing the substrate again, thus maintaining a concentration gradient that favours further import of the substrate through the transporter. With the glucose phosphotransferase system, the phosphorylation status of EIIA can have regulatory functions. For example, at low glucose concentrations phosphorylated EIIA accumulates and this activates membrane-bound adenylate cyclase. Intracellular cyclic AMP levels rise and this then activates CAP (catabolite activator protein), which is involved in the catabolite repression system, also known as glucose effect. When the glucose concentration is high, EIIA is mostly dephosphorylated and this allows it to inhibit adenylate cyclase, glycerol kinase, lactose permease, and maltose permease. Thus, as well as the PEP group translocation system being an efficient way to import substrates into the bacterium, it also links this transport to regulation of other relevant proteins.It is an active transport. After the translocation, the metabolites transported are modified.".
• PEP_group_translocation wikiPageExternalLink juxtamembrane.
• PEP_group_translocation wikiPageID "1441886".
• PEP_group_translocation wikiPageRevisionID "592763928".
• PEP_group_translocation hasPhotoCollection PEP_group_translocation.
• PEP_group_translocation subject Category:Enzymes.
• PEP_group_translocation type Abstraction100002137.
• PEP_group_translocation type Activator114723079.
• PEP_group_translocation type Catalyst114723628.
• PEP_group_translocation type Chemical114806838.
• PEP_group_translocation type Compound114818238.
• PEP_group_translocation type Enzyme114732946.
• PEP_group_translocation type Enzymes.
• PEP_group_translocation type Macromolecule114944888.
• PEP_group_translocation type Material114580897.
• PEP_group_translocation type Matter100020827.
• PEP_group_translocation type Molecule114682133.
• PEP_group_translocation type OrganicCompound114727670.
• PEP_group_translocation type Part113809207.
• PEP_group_translocation type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• PEP_group_translocation type Protein114728724.
• PEP_group_translocation type Relation100031921.
• PEP_group_translocation type Substance100019613.
• PEP_group_translocation type Thing100002452.
• PEP_group_translocation type Unit109465459.
• PEP_group_translocation comment "PEP group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known as multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm. An example of this transport is found in E. coli cells.".
• PEP_group_translocation label "Gruppentranslokation".
• PEP_group_translocation label "PEP group translocation".
• PEP_group_translocation label "Traslocazione di gruppo".
• PEP_group_translocation sameAs Gruppentranslokation.
• PEP_group_translocation sameAs Traslocazione_di_gruppo.
• PEP_group_translocation sameAs m.051x5l.
• PEP_group_translocation sameAs Q1538418.
• PEP_group_translocation sameAs Q1538418.
• PEP_group_translocation sameAs PEP_group_translocation.
• PEP_group_translocation wasDerivedFrom PEP_group_translocation?oldid=592763928.
• PEP_group_translocation isPrimaryTopicOf PEP_group_translocation.