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- Pain_in_animals abstract "Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage." However, for non-human animals, it is harder, if even possible, to know whether an emotional experience has occurred. Therefore, this concept is often excluded in definitions of pain in animals, such as that provided by Zimmerman: "an aversive sensory experience caused by actual or potential injury that elicits protective motor and vegetative reactions, results in learned avoidance and may modify species-specific behaviour, including social behaviour."The standard measure of pain in humans is how a person reports that pain, for example, on a pain scale). Only the person experiencing the pain can know the pain's quality and intensity, and the degree of suffering. Non-human animals cannot report their feelings to humans in the same manner as human communication, but observation of their behaviour provides a reasonable indication as to the extent of their pain. Just as doctors and medics who sometimes share no common language with their patients, the indicators of pain can still be understood. Physical pain is both an objective physiological process and a subjective conscious experience. The physiological component usually involves the transmission of a signal along a chain of nerve fibers from the site of a noxious stimulus at the periphery to the spinal cord and brain. This process may evoke a reflex response generated at the spinal cord and not involving the brain, such as flinching or withdrawal of a limb, and it may also involve brain activity, such as registering the location, intensity, quality and unpleasantness of the stimulus in various parts of the brain. This nervous activity is called nociception and it is found, in one form or another, across all major animal taxa. Nociception can be observed using modern imaging techniques; and a physiological and behavioral response to nociception can be detected. The subjective component of pain involves conscious awareness of both the sensation (its location, intensity, quality, etc.) and the unpleasantness (the aversive, negative affect). The brain processes underlying conscious awareness of the unpleasantness (suffering), are not well understood.To address the problem of assessing the capacity of other species to experience the affective state of pain (to suffer), we resort to argument-by-analogy. This is based on the principle that if an animal responds to a stimulus in a similar way to ourselves, it is likely to have had an analogous experience. If we stick a pin in a chimpanzee's finger and she rapidly withdraws her hand, we use argument-by-analogy and infer that like us, she felt pain. If we are consistent, we should also infer a cockroach experiences the same when it writhes after being stuck with a pin. Analogous to humans, when given a choice of feeds, rats and chickens with clinical symptoms of pain will consume more of an analgesic-containing feed than animals not in pain. Additionally, the consumption of the analgesic carprofen in lame broiler chickens was positively correlated to the severity of lameness, and consumption resulted in an improved gait. Limitations of argument-by-analogy are that physical reactions may neither determine nor be motivated by mental states, and the approach is subject to criticism of anthropomorphic interpretation. For example, a single-celled organism such as an amoeba may writhe after being exposed to noxious stimuli despite the absence of nociception.".
- Pain_in_animals thumbnail Carcharhinus_galapagensis_hooked.jpg?width=300.
- Pain_in_animals wikiPageID "24261150".
- Pain_in_animals wikiPageRevisionID "606556121".
- Pain_in_animals hasPhotoCollection Pain_in_animals.
- Pain_in_animals subject Category:Animals.
- Pain_in_animals subject Category:Cruelty_to_animals.
- Pain_in_animals subject Category:Pain.
- Pain_in_animals type Animal100015388.
- Pain_in_animals type Animals.
- Pain_in_animals type LivingThing100004258.
- Pain_in_animals type Object100002684.
- Pain_in_animals type Organism100004475.
- Pain_in_animals type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Pain_in_animals type Whole100003553.
- Pain_in_animals comment "Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage." However, for non-human animals, it is harder, if even possible, to know whether an emotional experience has occurred.".
- Pain_in_animals label "Pain in animals".
- Pain_in_animals label "Schmerzempfinden bei Tieren".
- Pain_in_animals sameAs Schmerzempfinden_bei_Tieren.
- Pain_in_animals sameAs Dor_animal.
- Pain_in_animals sameAs m.07s3gv1.
- Pain_in_animals sameAs Q2246112.
- Pain_in_animals sameAs Q2246112.
- Pain_in_animals sameAs Pain_in_animals.
- Pain_in_animals wasDerivedFrom Pain_in_animals?oldid=606556121.
- Pain_in_animals depiction Carcharhinus_galapagensis_hooked.jpg.
- Pain_in_animals isPrimaryTopicOf Pain_in_animals.
