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• Phengaris_alcon abstract "Phengaris alcon, more commonly known as Alcon Blue or Alcon Large Blue, is a butterfly of the Lycaenidae family and is found in Europe and Northern Asia.It can be seen flying in mid to late summer. Like some other species of Lycaenidae, its larva (caterpillar) stage depends on support by certain ants; it is therefore known as a myrmecophile.The butterfly lays its eggs onto the Marsh Gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe); in the region of the Alps they are sometimes also found on the related Willow Gentian (Gentiana asclepiadea). The caterpillars eat no other plants.Alcon larvae leave the food plant when they have grown sufficiently (4th instar) and wait on the ground below to be discovered by ants. The larvae emit surface chemicals (allomones) that closely match those of ant larvae, causing the ants to carry the Alcon larvae into their nests and place them in their brood chambers, where they are fed by worker ants and where they devour ant larvae. This is a method known as the "cuckoo" strategy which differs from the preadatory strategy that is employed by other members of the Phegaris species such as Phengaris arion.When the Alcon larva is fully developed it pupates. Once the adult hatches it must run the gauntlet of escaping. The ants recognise the butterfly to be an intruder, but when they go to attack it with their jaws they can't grab anything substantial as the newly emerged adult butterfly is thickly clothed in loosely attached scales.Over time, some ant colonies that are parasitized in this manner will slightly change their larva chemicals as a defense, leading to an evolutionary "arms race" between the two species.Generally, Lycaenidae species which have a myrmecophilous relationship with the ant genus Myrmica are locked to primary host specificity. The Alcon Blue is unusual in this regard in that it uses different host species in different locations throughout Europe. It is known to use Myrmica scabrinodis, Myrmica ruginodis, and Myrmica rubra as the primary host within differing European zones.The Phengaris alcon larvae are sought underground by the Ichneumon eumerus wasp. On detecting a P. alcon larva the wasp enters the nest and sprays a pheromone that causes the ants to attack each other. In the resulting confusion the wasp locates the butterfly larva and injects it with its eggs. On pupation, the wasp eggs hatch and consume the chrysalis from the inside.There has been controversy over whether it should be classified a different species from the Phengaris rebeli, as researchers have determined that the two butterflies have similar morphology as well as DNA genomes and allozymes and many have claimed that any differences can be attributed to intraspecific variation. Others, however, argue that they are separate species, because they parasitize different host ant colonies and parasitize these ants at different rates.Orachrysops niobe, another member of the Lycaenidae from South Africa, has a very similar life-cycle.".
• Phengaris_alcon class Insect.
• Phengaris_alcon conservationStatus "EN".
• Phengaris_alcon conservationStatusSystem "iucn3.1".
• Phengaris_alcon division Butterfly.
• Phengaris_alcon family Lycaenidae.
• Phengaris_alcon genus Phengaris.
• Phengaris_alcon kingdom Animal.
• Phengaris_alcon order Lepidoptera.
• Phengaris_alcon phylum Arthropod.
• Phengaris_alcon synonym "Glaucopsyche alcon".
• Phengaris_alcon synonym "Maculinea alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)".
• Phengaris_alcon thumbnail Glaucopsyche_alcon-01_(xndr).jpg?width=300.
• Phengaris_alcon wikiPageExternalLink uoc-sbb010308.php.
• Phengaris_alcon wikiPageExternalLink Macalcon.htm.
• Phengaris_alcon wikiPageExternalLink MaculAlcon.htm.
• Phengaris_alcon wikiPageExternalLink details.php?species=12658.
• Phengaris_alcon wikiPageExternalLink LargeBl.html.
• Phengaris_alcon wikiPageID "3580482".
• Phengaris_alcon wikiPageRevisionID "587850458".
• Phengaris_alcon binomial "Phengaris alcon".
• Phengaris_alcon classis "Insecta".
• Phengaris_alcon divisio Butterfly.
• Phengaris_alcon familia Lycaenidae.
• Phengaris_alcon genus "Phengaris".
• Phengaris_alcon hasPhotoCollection Phengaris_alcon.
• Phengaris_alcon name "Alcon Blue".
• Phengaris_alcon ordo Lepidoptera.
• Phengaris_alcon phylum "Arthropoda".
• Phengaris_alcon regnum "Animalia".
• Phengaris_alcon species "P. alcon".
• Phengaris_alcon status "EN".
• Phengaris_alcon statusSystem "iucn3.1".
• Phengaris_alcon synonyms "Glaucopsyche alcon".
• Phengaris_alcon synonyms "Maculinea alcon".
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Brood_parasites.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Albania.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Belarus.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Belgium.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Bulgaria.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Germany.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Greece.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Hungary.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Italy.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Poland.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Romania.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Insects_of_Sweden.
• Phengaris_alcon subject Category:Phengaris.
• Phengaris_alcon type BroodParasites.
• Phengaris_alcon type LivingThing100004258.
• Phengaris_alcon type Object100002684.
• Phengaris_alcon type Organism100004475.
• Phengaris_alcon type Parasite101384687.
• Phengaris_alcon type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Phengaris_alcon type Whole100003553.
• Phengaris_alcon type Animal.
• Phengaris_alcon type Eukaryote.
• Phengaris_alcon type Insect.
• Phengaris_alcon type Species.
• Phengaris_alcon type Animal.
• Phengaris_alcon type Insect.
• Phengaris_alcon type Organism.
• Phengaris_alcon comment "Phengaris alcon, more commonly known as Alcon Blue or Alcon Large Blue, is a butterfly of the Lycaenidae family and is found in Europe and Northern Asia.It can be seen flying in mid to late summer.".
• Phengaris_alcon label "Azuré des mouillères".
• Phengaris_alcon label "Borboleta-azul".
• Phengaris_alcon label "Gentiaanblauwtje".
• Phengaris_alcon label "Lungenenzian-Ameisenbläuling".
• Phengaris_alcon label "Modraszek alkon".
• Phengaris_alcon label "Phengaris alcon".
• Phengaris_alcon label "Голубянка алькон".
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Lungenenzian-Ameisenbläuling.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs 316698.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Azuré_des_mouillères.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Gentiaanblauwtje.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Modraszek_alkon.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Borboleta-azul.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs m.09mwbj.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Q973034.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Q973034.
• Phengaris_alcon sameAs Phengaris_alcon.
• Phengaris_alcon wasDerivedFrom Phengaris_alcon?oldid=587850458.
• Phengaris_alcon depiction Glaucopsyche_alcon-01_(xndr).jpg.
• Phengaris_alcon isPrimaryTopicOf Phengaris_alcon.
• Phengaris_alcon name "Alcon Blue".