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• Plausible_deniability abstract "Plausible deniability is a term coined by the CIA in the early 1960s to describe the withholding of information from senior officials in order to protect them from repercussions in the event that illegal or unpopular activities by the CIA became public knowledge. The term most often refers to the capacity of senior officials in a formal or informal chain of command to deny knowledge of and/or responsibility for any damnable actions committed by the lower ranks because of a lack of evidence that can confirm their participation, even if they were personally involved or at least willfully ignorant of said actions. In the case that illegal or otherwise disreputable and unpopular activities become public, high-ranking officials may deny any awareness of such act in order to insulate themselves and shift blame on the agents who carried out the acts, confident that their doubters will be unable to prove otherwise. The lack of evidence to the contrary ostensibly makes the denial plausible, that is, credible. The term typically implies forethought, such as intentionally setting up the conditions to plausibly avoid responsibility for one's (future) actions or knowledge. In some organizations, legal doctrines such as command responsibility exist to hold major parties responsible for the actions of subordinates involved in heinous acts and nullify any legal protection that their denial of involvement would carry.In politics and espionage, deniability refers to the ability of a "powerful player" or intelligence agency to "pass the buck" and avoid "blowback" by secretly arranging for an action to be taken on their behalf by a third party ostensibly unconnected with the major player. In political campaigns, plausible deniability enables candidates to stay "clean" and denounce third-party advertisements that use unethical approaches or potentially libellous innuendo.More generally, "plausible deniability" can also apply to any act that leaves little or no physical evidence of wrongdoing or abuse. Examples of this are the use of electric shock, waterboarding or pain-compliance holds as a means of non-invasive torture or punishment, leaving few or no tangible signs that the abuse ever took place.Plausible deniability is also a legal concept. It refers to lack of evidence proving an allegation. Standards of proof vary in civil and criminal cases. In civil cases, the standard of proof is "preponderance of the evidence" whereas in a criminal matter, the standard is "beyond a reasonable doubt." If an opponent lacks incontrovertible proof (evidence) of their allegation, one can "plausibly deny" the allegation even though it may be true.".
• Plausible_deniability wikiPageExternalLink ChurchReport.asp.
• Plausible_deniability wikiPageExternalLink contents.htm.
• Plausible_deniability wikiPageExternalLink ChurchIR_4_Findings.pdf.
• Plausible_deniability wikiPageExternalLink doc148.htm.
• Plausible_deniability wikiPageExternalLink 12652.htm.
• Plausible_deniability wikiPageID "354643".
• Plausible_deniability wikiPageRevisionID "603995694".
• Plausible_deniability hasPhotoCollection Plausible_deniability.
• Plausible_deniability subject Category:Accountability.
• Plausible_deniability subject Category:Central_Intelligence_Agency_operations.
• Plausible_deniability subject Category:Denialism.
• Plausible_deniability subject Category:Euphemisms.
• Plausible_deniability subject Category:Military_terminology.
• Plausible_deniability subject Category:Political_terminology.
• Plausible_deniability type Abstraction100002137.
• Plausible_deniability type Action114006945.
• Plausible_deniability type Attribute100024264.
• Plausible_deniability type AuditoryCommunication107109019.
• Plausible_deniability type CentralIntelligenceAgencyOperations.
• Plausible_deniability type Communication100033020.
• Plausible_deniability type Euphemism106605046.
• Plausible_deniability type Euphemisms.
• Plausible_deniability type Operation114008806.
• Plausible_deniability type Saying107151380.
• Plausible_deniability type Speech107109196.
• Plausible_deniability type State100024720.
• Plausible_deniability comment "Plausible deniability is a term coined by the CIA in the early 1960s to describe the withholding of information from senior officials in order to protect them from repercussions in the event that illegal or unpopular activities by the CIA became public knowledge.".
• Plausible_deniability label "Déni plausible".
• Plausible_deniability label "Glaubhafte Abstreitbarkeit".
• Plausible_deniability label "Negabilità plausibile".
• Plausible_deniability label "Negação plausível".
• Plausible_deniability label "Plausible deniability".
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Hodnověrné_popření.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Glaubhafte_Abstreitbarkeit.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Déni_plausible.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Negabilità_plausibile.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Negação_plausível.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs m.01zqh_.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Q51367.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Q51367.
• Plausible_deniability sameAs Plausible_deniability.
• Plausible_deniability wasDerivedFrom Plausible_deniability?oldid=603995694.
• Plausible_deniability isPrimaryTopicOf Plausible_deniability.