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• Podzol abstract "In soil science, podzols (known as Spodosols in China and the United States of America, Espodossolos in Brazil, and Podosols in Australia)[citation needed] are the typical soils of coniferous, or boreal forests. They are also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia, while in Western Europe podzols develop on heathland, which is often a construct of human interference through grazing and burning. Many podzols in this region may have developed over the past 3000 years in response to vegetation and climatic changes.[citation needed] In some British moorlands with podzolic soils there are brown earths preserved under Bronze Age barrows (Dimbleby, 1962). “Podzol” is Russian for "under ash" (под/pod=under, зола/zola=ash) and likely refers to the common experience of Russian peasants of plowing up an apparent under-layer of ash (leached or E horizon) during first plowing of a virgin soil of this type.Podzols are found in areas that are wet and cold (for example in Northern Ontario or Russia) and also in warm areas such as Florida (humic variant of the northern podzol or Humod), southern Australia and parts of South America. An example of a warm-climate podzol is the Myakka fine sand, state soil of Florida. Podzols cover about 4,850,000 square kilometres (1,870,000 sq mi) worldwide and are usually found under sclerophyllous woody vegetation. Podzols are able to occur on almost any parent material but generally derive from either quartz-rich sands and sandstones or sedimentary debris from magmatic rocks, provided there is high precipitation. Most Podzols are poor soils for agriculture due to the sandy portion, resulting in a low level of moisture and nutrients. Some are sandy and excessively drained. Others have shallow rooting zones and poor drainage due to subsoil cementation. A low pH further compounds issues, along with phosphate deficiencies and aluminium toxicity. The best agricultural use of Podzols is for grazing; although well-drained loamy types can be very productive for crops if lime and fertilizer are used.The E horizon, which is usually 4 to 8 centimetres (1.57 to 3.15 in) thick, is low in Fe and Al oxides and humus. It is formed under moist, cool and acidic conditions, especially where the parent material, such as granite or sandstone, is rich in quartz. It is found under a layer of organic material in the process of decomposition, which is usually 5 to 10 centimetres (1.97 to 3.94 in) thick. In the middle, there is often a thin layer of 0.5 to 1 centimetre (0.2 to 0.4 in). The bleached soil goes over into a red or redbrown horizon called rusty soil. The colour is strongest in the upper part, and change at a depth of 50 to 100 centimetres (19.7 to 39.4 in) progressively to the part of the soil that is mainly not affected by processes; that is the parent material. The soil profiles are designated by the letters A (topsoil), E (eluviated soil), B (subsoil) and C (parent material).In some podzols, the E horizon is absent—either masked by biological activity or obliterated by disturbance. Podzols with little or no E horizon development are often classified as brown podzolic soils, also called umbrisols or umbrepts.".
• Podzol thumbnail Podzol.jpg?width=300.
• Podzol wikiPageExternalLink a107text.pdf.
• Podzol wikiPageExternalLink spodosols.htm.
• Podzol wikiPageExternalLink chpt10.html.
• Podzol wikiPageExternalLink spodosols.htm.
• Podzol wikiPageExternalLink Podsol_Boden%20des%20Jahres_2007_JPNSS.pdf.
• Podzol wikiPageID "1265218".
• Podzol wikiPageRevisionID "605437915".
• Podzol alternativeName "Podsol, Podosol, Spodosol, Espodossolo".
• Podzol classificationSystem "WRB, USDA soil taxonomy, others".
• Podzol climate Humid_continental_climate.
• Podzol climate Oceanic_climate.
• Podzol climate Subarctic_climate.
• Podzol climate Tropical_rainforest_climate.
• Podzol code "PZ".
• Podzol hasPhotoCollection Podzol.
• Podzol horizons "A: absent in most boreal podzols".
• Podzol horizons "B: always, receives Fe and Al through illuviation".
• Podzol horizons "C: common".
• Podzol horizons "E: common, is ashen grey and leached in Fe and Al".
• Podzol horizons "H: common".
• Podzol horizons "O: always, has humified organic matter mixed with minerals".
• Podzol imageCaption "The picture is of a stagnopodzol in upland Wales, and shows the typical sequence of organic topsoil with leached grey-white subsoil with iron-rich horizon below. The example has two weak ironpans.".
• Podzol imageSize "250".
• Podzol name "Podzol".
• Podzol parentMaterial "quartz rich debris and sediments".
• Podzol process Podzol.
• Podzol profile "OEBhsC".
• Podzol subject Category:Pedology.
• Podzol subject Category:Types_of_soil.
• Podzol comment "In soil science, podzols (known as Spodosols in China and the United States of America, Espodossolos in Brazil, and Podosols in Australia)[citation needed] are the typical soils of coniferous, or boreal forests. They are also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia, while in Western Europe podzols develop on heathland, which is often a construct of human interference through grazing and burning.".
• Podzol label "Gleby bielicoziemne".
• Podzol label "Podsol".
• Podzol label "Podzol".
• Podzol label "Podzol".
• Podzol label "Podzol".
• Podzol label "Podzol".
• Podzol label "Podzol".
• Podzol label "Podzosol".
• Podzol label "Подзолистые почвы".
• Podzol label "ポドゾル".
• Podzol label "灰化土".
• Podzol sameAs Podzol.
• Podzol sameAs Podsol.
• Podzol sameAs Ποντσόλ.
• Podzol sameAs Podzol.
• Podzol sameAs Podzol.
• Podzol sameAs Podzosol.
• Podzol sameAs Podzol.
• Podzol sameAs ポドゾル.
• Podzol sameAs Podzol.
• Podzol sameAs Gleby_bielicoziemne.
• Podzol sameAs Podzol.
• Podzol sameAs m.04nf4q.
• Podzol sameAs Q192813.
• Podzol sameAs Q192813.
• Podzol wasDerivedFrom Podzol?oldid=605437915.
• Podzol depiction Podzol.jpg.
• Podzol isPrimaryTopicOf Podzol.