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- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth abstract "The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (or Union; since the 17th century often referred to as the Republic of Poland and after 1791 officially the Commonwealth of Poland, Res publica Poloniae) was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was one of the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe, with some 390,000 square miles (1,000,000 km2) and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century. It was established at the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the actual personal union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania began when Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila became the king of Poland (1386). The Commonwealth was reduced in the First Partition of Poland in 1772 and disappeared as an independent state after the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.The Union possessed features unique among contemporary states. Its political system was characterized by strict checks upon monarchical power. These checks were enacted by a legislature (sejm) controlled by the nobility (szlachta). This idiosyncratic system was a precursor to modern concepts of democracy, constitutional monarchy, and federation. The two component states of the Commonwealth were formally equal, yet Poland was the dominant partner in the union.The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was marked by high levels of ethnic diversity and by relative religious tolerance, guaranteed by the Warsaw Confederation Act 1573; however, the degree of religious freedom varied over time.After several decades of prosperity, it entered a period of protracted political, military and economic decline. Its growing weakness led to its partitioning among its neighbors, Austria, Prussia and the Russian Empire, during the late 18th century. Shortly before its demise, the Commonwealth adopted a massive reform effort and enacted the Constitution of May 3, 1791 - the first codified constitution in modern European history and the second in modern world history (after the United States Constitution).".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth thumbnail Alex_K_Kingdom_of_Poland-flag.svg?width=300.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth wikiPageID "343234".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth wikiPageRevisionID "605838056".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth align "left".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth align "right".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth borderP "no".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth capital Warsaw.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth capital "Kraków & Vilnius".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth caption "16".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth caption "1980.0".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth caption "Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lviv was constructed between 1746–1762 following the Act of Unification of the Lviv archeparchy with the Holy See.".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth caption "Portrait of a Greek merchant, Constantine Corniaktos who dealt with international trade, especially from the Ottoman Empire.".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth caption "Portrait of an Italian merchant and banker, Guglielmo Orsetti. His wealth enabled him to make large loans to the Commonwealth.".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth caption "Topographical map of the Commonwealth in 1764.".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth colwidth "30".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth commonName "Poland–Lithuania".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth continent "Europe".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth conventionalLongName "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth dateEnd "--10-24".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth dateEvent "1672".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth dateEvent "1768".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth dateEvent "1791-05-03".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth dateEvent "1793-01-23".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth dateStart "--07-01".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth direction "horizontal".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth era Early_modern_period.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth event "--05-03".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth event "2".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth event "Protectorate of the Russian Empire".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth event "fief of the Ottoman Empire".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth eventEnd "3".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth eventStart Union_of_Lublin.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flag "Banner of Poland".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flagBorder "no".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flagP "Alex K Grundwald flags 1410-03.svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flagP "Alex K Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flagS "Flag of Russia.svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flagS "Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flagS "Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia .svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth flagType "Royal Banner".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth governmentType Constitutional_monarchy.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth governmentType Elective_monarchy.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth governmentType Hereditary_monarchy.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth house Senate_of_Poland.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth image "1595".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth image "Cathedral of st peter and paul 3.jpg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth image "Konstanty Korniakt.PNG".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth image "Poland1764physical.jpg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth image "SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth image "Strobel Guglielmo Orsetti.jpg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth imageCoat "Coat of Arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth imageFlag "Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth imageMap "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth .svg".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth imageMapCaption "The location of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at its maximum extent".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth leader Sigismund_II_Augustus.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth leader Stanisław_August_Poniatowski.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth legislature General_sejm.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth nationalAnthem "("Rejoice, oh Mother Poland")".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth nationalAnthem "Gaude Mater Polonia".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth nationalMotto "Pro Fide, Lege et Rege".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth nativeName "Abiejų Tautų Respublika".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth nativeName "Respublica Poloniae".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth nativeName "Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth p "Grand Duchy of Lithuania".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth p "Kingdom of Poland".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth s "Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth s "Kingdom of Prussia".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth s "Russian Empire".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth statArea "1153465".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth statArea "815000".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth statPop "11000000".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth statPop "6500000".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth statYear "1582".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth statYear "1650".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth status "State union".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth symbol "Coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth symbolType "Royal Coat of arms".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth titleLeader List_of_Polish_monarchs.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth titleLeader List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth typeHouse "Privy Council".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth width "109".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth width "120".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth width "122".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth width "131".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth width "148".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth width "160".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth yearEnd "1795".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth yearLeader "1569".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth yearLeader "1764".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth yearStart "1569".
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:16th_century_in_Lithuania.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:1795_disestablishments.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:17th_century_in_Lithuania.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:18th_century_in_Lithuania.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:Former_Slavic_countries.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:Former_monarchies_of_Europe.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:Former_republics.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:Former_state_unions.
- Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth subject Category:History_of_Belarus_(1569–1795).