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- Porcupine_ray abstract "The porcupine ray (Urogymnus asperrimus) is a rare species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae and the only member of its genus. This bottom-dweller is found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, as well as off West Africa. It favors sand, coral rubble, and seagrass habitats in inshore waters to a depth of 30 m (100 ft). A large and heavy-bodied species reaching 1.2–1.5 m (3.9–4.9 ft) in width, the porcupine ray has a nearly circular, plain-colored pectoral fin disc and a thin tail without any fin folds. Uniquely within its family, it lacks a venomous stinging spine. However, an adult ray can still defend itself ably with the many large, sharp thorns found over its disc and tail.The diet of the porcupine ray consists mainly of benthic invertebrates and bony fishes, which it digs up from the sea floor. It is aplacental viviparous, in which the developing embryos are nourished by histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother. The porcupine ray has long been valued for its rough and durable skin, which was made into a shagreen leather once used for various utilitarian and ornamental purposes, such as to cover sword hilts and shields. It is caught incidentally by coastal fisheries. Because it must be handled carefully due to its thorns, its commercial significance is limited. Unregulated fishing has led to this species declining in many parts of its range, and thus has been listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).".
- Porcupine_ray binomialAuthority Marcus_Elieser_Bloch.
- Porcupine_ray class Chondrichthyes.
- Porcupine_ray class Elasmobranchii.
- Porcupine_ray conservationStatus "VU".
- Porcupine_ray conservationStatusSystem "IUCN3.1".
- Porcupine_ray family Whiptail_stingray.
- Porcupine_ray kingdom Animal.
- Porcupine_ray order Myliobatiformes.
- Porcupine_ray phylum Chordate.
- Porcupine_ray synonym "Raja africana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)".
- Porcupine_ray synonym "Raja asperrima (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)".
- Porcupine_ray synonym "Urogymnus asperrimus solanderi (Whitley, 1939)".
- Porcupine_ray synonym "Urogymnus rhombeus (Klunzinger, 1871)".
- Porcupine_ray thumbnail Urogymnus_asperrimus.jpg?width=300.
- Porcupine_ray wikiPageID "12602671".
- Porcupine_ray wikiPageRevisionID "589725970".
- Porcupine_ray binomial "Urogymnus asperrimus".
- Porcupine_ray classis Chondrichthyes.
- Porcupine_ray colwidth "30".
- Porcupine_ray familia Whiptail_stingray.
- Porcupine_ray genus "Urogymnus".
- Porcupine_ray genusAuthority "J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837".
- Porcupine_ray hasPhotoCollection Porcupine_ray.
- Porcupine_ray ordo Myliobatiformes.
- Porcupine_ray phylum Chordate.
- Porcupine_ray rangeMap "Urogymnus asperrimus rangemap.png".
- Porcupine_ray rangeMapCaption "Range of the porcupine ray".
- Porcupine_ray regnum Animal.
- Porcupine_ray species "U. asperrimus".
- Porcupine_ray status "VU".
- Porcupine_ray statusSystem "IUCN3.1".
- Porcupine_ray subclassis Elasmobranchii.
- Porcupine_ray synonyms "Raja africana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)".
- Porcupine_ray synonyms "Raja asperrima (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)".
- Porcupine_ray synonyms "Urogymnus asperrimus solanderi (Whitley, 1939)".
- Porcupine_ray synonyms "Urogymnus rhombeus (Klunzinger, 1871)".
- Porcupine_ray subject Category:Urogymnus.
- Porcupine_ray type Animal.
- Porcupine_ray type Eukaryote.
- Porcupine_ray type Fish.
- Porcupine_ray type Species.
- Porcupine_ray type Fish.
- Porcupine_ray type Organism.
- Porcupine_ray comment "The porcupine ray (Urogymnus asperrimus) is a rare species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae and the only member of its genus. This bottom-dweller is found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, as well as off West Africa. It favors sand, coral rubble, and seagrass habitats in inshore waters to a depth of 30 m (100 ft).".
- Porcupine_ray label "Igelrochen".
- Porcupine_ray label "Porcupine ray".
- Porcupine_ray label "Urogymnus asperrimus".
- Porcupine_ray label "Urogymnus asperrimus".
- Porcupine_ray label "Urogymnus asperrimus".
- Porcupine_ray label "イバラエイ".
- Porcupine_ray label "糙沙粒魟".
- Porcupine_ray sameAs Igelrochen.
- Porcupine_ray sameAs Urogymnus_asperrimus.
- Porcupine_ray sameAs イバラエイ.
- Porcupine_ray sameAs Urogymnus_asperrimus.
- Porcupine_ray sameAs Urogymnus_asperrimus.
- Porcupine_ray sameAs m.02wxgwx.
- Porcupine_ray sameAs Q1657133.
- Porcupine_ray sameAs Q1657133.
- Porcupine_ray wasDerivedFrom Porcupine_ray?oldid=589725970.
- Porcupine_ray depiction Urogymnus_asperrimus.jpg.
- Porcupine_ray isPrimaryTopicOf Porcupine_ray.
