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• Productivity_in_practice abstract "Productivity is one of the main concerns of business management and engineering. Practically all companies have established procedures for collecting, analyzing and reporting the necessary data. Typically the accounting department has overall responsibility for collecting and organizing and storing the data, but some data normally originates in the various departments. At the plant level, in addition to being kept in monetary units, input statistics are commonly kept as weights or volumes of raw or semi-finished materials, kilowatt hours of power, worker hours, etc. As such it is tracked as sets of partial productivity, such as kilowatt-hours per ton or yield (weight of output divided by weight of input), both of which are used in the chemical, refining, wood pulp and other process industries. Quality statistics such as defect rates are similarly tracked. Summary reports are routinely issued to various departments and the department managers are held accountable for managing inputs in their respective areas.Before widespread use of computer networks, partial productivity was tracked in tabular form and with hand-drawn graphs. Tabulating machines for data processing began being widely used in the 1920s and 1930s and remained in use until mainframe computers became widespread in the late 1960s through the 1970s. By the late 1970s inexpensive computers allowed industrial operations to perform process control and track productivity. Today data collection is largely computerized and almost any variable can be viewed graphically in real time or retrieved for selected time periods.Many companies have formal programs for continuously improving productivity. Whether they have a formal program or not, companies are constantly looking for ways to improve quality, reduce down time and inputs of labor, materials, energy and purchased services. Often simple changes to operating methods or processes increase productivity, but the biggest gains are normally from adopting new technologies, which may require capital expenditures for new equipment, computers or software. Although almost all new manufacturing facilities are computerized, most of the productivity gains from new facilities are the result of using state of the art manufacturing processes, techniques and equipment and economies of scale. Maintenance is also reduced because the facilities are new and because they use more reliable equipment. Before computers, manufacturing plants were automated with analog controls, which did an adequate job. Computers were an improvement, but not a revolutionary one.".
• Productivity_in_practice wikiPageID "36004288".
• Productivity_in_practice wikiPageRevisionID "569688108".
• Productivity_in_practice essay "August 2013".
• Productivity_in_practice hasPhotoCollection Productivity_in_practice.
• Productivity_in_practice leadMissing "June 2012".
• Productivity_in_practice leadTooLong "June 2012".
• Productivity_in_practice refimprove "June 2012".
• Productivity_in_practice subject Category:Management_accounting.
• Productivity_in_practice comment "Productivity is one of the main concerns of business management and engineering. Practically all companies have established procedures for collecting, analyzing and reporting the necessary data. Typically the accounting department has overall responsibility for collecting and organizing and storing the data, but some data normally originates in the various departments.".
• Productivity_in_practice label "Productivity in practice".
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• Productivity_in_practice sameAs Q7247855.
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• Productivity_in_practice wasDerivedFrom Productivity_in_practice?oldid=569688108.
• Productivity_in_practice isPrimaryTopicOf Productivity_in_practice.