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• Punchbowl_Crater abstract "Punchbowl Crater is an extinct volcanic tuff cone located in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is the location of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific.The crater was formed some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago during the Honolulu period of secondary volcanic activity. A crater resulted from the ejection of hot lava through cracks in the old coral reefs which, at the time, extended to the foot of the Koolau Mountain Range.Although there are various translations of the Punchbowl's Hawaiian name, "Puowaina," the most common is "Hill of Sacrifice." This translation closely relates to the history of the crater. The first known use was as an altar where Hawaiians offered human sacrifices to pagan gods and killed violators of the many taboos. Later, during the reign of Kamehameha the Great, a battery of two cannons was mounted at the rim of the crater to salute distinguished arrivals and signify important occasions. Early in the 1880s, leasehold land on the slopes of the Punchbowl opened for settlement and in the 1930s, the crater was used as a rifle range for the Hawaii National Guard. Toward the end of World War II, tunnels were dug through the rim of the crater for the placement of shore batteries to guard Honolulu Harbor and the south edge of Pearl Harbor.During the late 1890s, a committee recommended that the Punchbowl become the site for a new cemetery to accommodate the growing population of Honolulu. The idea was rejected for fear of polluting the water supply and the emotional aversion to creating a city of the dead above a city of the living. Fifty years later, Congress authorized a small appropriation to establish a national cemetery in Honolulu with two provisions: that the location be acceptable to the War Department, and that the site would be donated rather than purchased. In 1943, the governor of Hawaii offered the Punchbowl for a national cemetery. The $50,000 appropriation proved insufficient, however, and the project was deferred until after World War II. By 1947, Congress and veteran organizations placed a great deal of pressure on the military to find a permanent burial site in Hawaii for the remains of thousands of World War II servicemen on the island of Guam awaiting permanent burial. Subsequently, the Army again began planning the Punchbowl cemetery; in February 1948 Congress approved funding and construction began.".
• Punchbowl_Crater thumbnail View_of_Honolulu_Harbor_and_Punchbowl_Crater._(c._1854).jpg?width=300.
• Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageExternalLink nmcp.asp.
• Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
• Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageID "699635".
• Punchbowl_Crater wikiPageRevisionID "593839587".
• Punchbowl_Crater hasPhotoCollection Punchbowl_Crater.
• Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Extinct_volcanoes.
• Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Geography_of_Honolulu,_Hawaii.
• Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Pleistocene_volcanoes.
• Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Tuff_cones.
• Punchbowl_Crater subject Category:Volcanoes_of_Oahu.
• Punchbowl_Crater point "21.3125 -157.8461111111111".
• Punchbowl_Crater type Abstraction100002137.
• Punchbowl_Crater type AmorphousShape113867492.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Attribute100024264.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Crack109258715.
• Punchbowl_Crater type ExtinctVolcanoes.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Location100027167.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Object100002684.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Opening109379111.
• Punchbowl_Crater type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Punchbowl_Crater type PleistoceneVolcanoes.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Shape100027807.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Space113910384.
• Punchbowl_Crater type Vent109470550.
• Punchbowl_Crater type VolcanoesOfOahu.
• Punchbowl_Crater type YagoGeoEntity.
• Punchbowl_Crater type YagoLegalActorGeo.
• Punchbowl_Crater type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
• Punchbowl_Crater type SpatialThing.
• Punchbowl_Crater comment "Punchbowl Crater is an extinct volcanic tuff cone located in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is the location of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific.The crater was formed some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago during the Honolulu period of secondary volcanic activity.".
• Punchbowl_Crater label "Punchbowl Crater".
• Punchbowl_Crater label "Punchbowl Crater".
• Punchbowl_Crater label "Punchbowl Crater".
• Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Punchbowl_Crater.
• Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Punchbowl_Crater.
• Punchbowl_Crater sameAs m.033v8z.
• Punchbowl_Crater sameAs 5852795.
• Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Q2118341.
• Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Q2118341.
• Punchbowl_Crater sameAs Punchbowl_Crater.
• Punchbowl_Crater lat "21.3125".
• Punchbowl_Crater long "-157.8461111111111".
• Punchbowl_Crater wasDerivedFrom Punchbowl_Crater?oldid=593839587.
• Punchbowl_Crater depiction View_of_Honolulu_Harbor_and_Punchbowl_Crater._(c._1854).jpg.
• Punchbowl_Crater isPrimaryTopicOf Punchbowl_Crater.